Indigenous peoples

Aboriginal Voices Radio Network: Radiyo Aboriginal Voices Radio yari umuyoboro wa radio yo muri Kanada, wasangaga cyane cyane gahunda yumuziki nibindi bintu bishimishije kubasangwabutaka. Kuva muri Kamena 2015, umuyoboro wakoraga kuri sitasiyo ya Toronto, Ontario, Calgary na Edmonton muri Alberta, na Vancouver, Columbiya y'Ubwongereza. Sitasiyo zayo zose zahawe uruhushya rwo gusubiza inyuma sitasiyo yacyo, CKAV-FM i Toronto. Ibiro by'ubuyobozi by'urusobe byari i Ohsweken, muri Ontario, ku kigega cy'ibihugu bitandatu by'ubuhinde hafi ya Brantford. Sitasiyo ya muzika ya sitasiyo yari igizwe ahanini numuziki ukuze wiki gihe, hamwe na progaramu yihariye yibanda kubirimo bishingiye ku basangwabutaka.
Wiltja: Wiltjas ni ubuhungiro bwakozwe na Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara hamwe nabandi baturage b'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. Ni amazu y'agateganyo, kandi yaratereranywe arongera arubakwa aho kubungabungwa. Gufungura no kuzenguruka igice, wiltjas igamije cyane cyane kurinda ubushyuhe bwizuba, kandi ntabwo ari ahantu heza h'imvura.
Aboriginal Witnesses Act: Itegeko ry'Abahamya b'Abasangwabutaka ryari amategeko y'uruhererekane n'ivugururwa ryashyizweho na guverineri wungirije Liyetona George Gray, guverineri wa Ositaraliya y'Epfo mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bwa mbere bwa Ositaraliya. Igikorwa cyashyizweho "Kugira ngo byoroherezwe kwakira ubuhamya butarahiye bw'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya yepfo n'ibice byegeranye \".
Marrickville Women's Refuge: Ubuhungiro bw'abagore ba Marrickville , buzwi kandi ku izina rya Jean's Place , ni ikigo cyita ku bagore cyafunguwe ku mugaragaro muri Mata 1976. Nimwe mu mpunzi za mbere zafunguwe muri New South Wales mu rwego rw'imyigaragambyo y'abagore y'impunzi ya NSW mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo byihariye. imiturire y'abagore na serivisi zita ku bagore n'abana bahunga ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, nyuma ya Elsie Refuge na Bonnie Refuge y'abagore. Uyu munsi, ubuhungiro bukora nka sosiyete igarukira ku ngwate yitwa Marrickville Women's Refuge Ltd, kandi yanditswe nk'ikigo gifasha rubanda. Ubuhungiro, mu gihe buzwi ku izina rya Marrickville ry'Ubuhungiro bw'Abagore, bwacuruzaga nk'Abasangwabutaka b'Abasangwabutaka n'Abana bashinzwe ibibazo by'abana kuva ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2014, nyuma y'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda yo gutanga amasoko 'Going Home Staying Home' muri New South Wales.
Minister for Aboriginal Affairs: Umutwe Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka cyangwa Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka ni izina ry'ubu cyangwa ryahozeho muri guverinoma nyinshi zirimo: Minisitiri w'abasangwabutaka (Ositaraliya), guhera muri 2019 uzwi nka Minisitiri w'abasangwabutaka ba Australiya Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka (Victoria) \ n Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka \ n Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka \ n Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka n'amajyaruguru (Kanada) \ n \ n
Aboriginal and Islander Sports Hall of Fame: nIngoro yimikino ya Aboriginal na Islander yashinzwe mu 1994 kugirango ishimire Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa siporo bahisemo.
Aboriginal Advancement League: Ishyirahamwe ry'Aboriginal Advancement League ryashinzwe mu 1957 kubera ko Victorian Aborigines Advancement League ( VAAL ), n'umuryango wa kera w'uburenganzira bwa Aboriginal muri Ositaraliya ukomeje gukora. Imiryango yabanjirije iyari Ishyirahamwe ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositarariya na Komite ikiza Aborigines , kandi ryahoze kandi ryitwa Aborigines Advancement League (Victoria) , na Ligue y'Aborigines .
Indigenous Australians: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni abantu bafite umurage wimiryango mumatsinda yabaga muri Ositaraliya mbere yubukoloni bwabongereza. Harimo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Ijambo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abantu cyangwa itsinda ry'umuco ryihariye ryumuntu, rikunze gukundwa, nubwo ijambo Igihugu cya mbere cya Ositaraliya, Abaturage ba mbere ba Ositaraliya n'Abanyaustraliya ba mbere nacyo gikunze kugaragara.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission: Komisiyo y'Abasangwabutaka na Torres Strait Islander ( ATSIC ) (1990–2005) yari urwego rwa guverinoma ya Ositaraliya aho Aboriginal ba Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islanders bagize uruhare mu bikorwa bya guverinoma bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yabo, yashinzwe na guverinoma ya Hawke mu 1990. Umubare. ya gahunda n'imiryango kavukire yaguye munsi yumutungo rusange wa ATSIC.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984: Itegeko ryo kurengera umurage wa Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander 1984 , ni amategeko yemejwe n'inteko ishinga amategeko ya Commonwealth ya Ositaraliya kugira ngo Umuryango wa Commonwealth utabare kandi, aho bibaye ngombwa, kubungabunga no kurinda uturere n'ibintu bifite akamaro kanini ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya cyangwa Torres Strait Islander. kuva gutukwa cyangwa gukomereka.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984: Itegeko ryo kurengera umurage wa Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander 1984 , ni amategeko yemejwe n'inteko ishinga amategeko ya Commonwealth ya Ositaraliya kugira ngo Umuryango wa Commonwealth utabare kandi, aho bibaye ngombwa, kubungabunga no kurinda uturere n'ibintu bifite akamaro kanini ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya cyangwa Torres Strait Islander. kuva gutukwa cyangwa gukomereka.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984: Itegeko ryo kurengera umurage wa Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander 1984 , ni amategeko yemejwe n'inteko ishinga amategeko ya Commonwealth ya Ositaraliya kugira ngo Umuryango wa Commonwealth utabare kandi, aho bibaye ngombwa, kubungabunga no kurinda uturere n'ibintu bifite akamaro kanini ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya cyangwa Torres Strait Islander. kuva gutukwa cyangwa gukomereka.
Community legal centre: nIkigo cyemewe n'umuryango ( CLC ) ni ijambo rya Ositaraliya ry'umuryango wigenga udaharanira inyungu utanga serivisi z'ubufasha mu by'amategeko, ni ukuvuga gutanga ubufasha ku bantu badafite ubushobozi bwo guhagararirwa n'amategeko no kugera ku nkiko. Batanga inama mu by'amategeko hamwe n'ibikorwa gakondo ku buntu, ahanini biterwa inkunga na leta, leta ndetse n'inzego z'ibanze. Gukorana nabakiriya usanga ahanini ari abatishoboye kandi batishoboye muri societe ya Australiya, bakorana nizindi nzego kugirango bakemure ibibazo bifitanye isano, harimo ibibazo byubukungu, imibereho myiza nubuzima. Inshingano zabo zishobora kuba zirimo kwiyamamaza kuvugurura amategeko no guteza imbere gahunda zuburezi bwabaturage.
Community legal centre: nIkigo cyemewe n'umuryango ( CLC ) ni ijambo rya Ositaraliya ry'umuryango wigenga udaharanira inyungu utanga serivisi z'ubufasha mu by'amategeko, ni ukuvuga gutanga ubufasha ku bantu badafite ubushobozi bwo guhagararirwa n'amategeko no kugera ku nkiko. Batanga inama mu by'amategeko hamwe n'ibikorwa gakondo ku buntu, ahanini biterwa inkunga na leta, leta ndetse n'inzego z'ibanze. Gukorana nabakiriya usanga ahanini ari abatishoboye kandi batishoboye muri societe ya Australiya, bakorana nizindi nzego kugirango bakemure ibibazo bifitanye isano, harimo ibibazo byubukungu, imibereho myiza nubuzima. Inshingano zabo zishobora kuba zirimo kwiyamamaza kuvugurura amategeko no guteza imbere gahunda zuburezi bwabaturage.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services: n Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Services bari bagize komisiyo ishinzwe aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander (ATSIC).
Australian Human Rights Commission: Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Ositaraliya n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Ositaraliya, cyashinzwe mu 1986 nka komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu n'uburenganzira bungana ( HREOC ) kandi cyiswe izina mu 2008. Ni urwego rwemewe n'amategeko rwatewe inkunga, ariko rukorera mu bwigenge guverinoma ya Ositarariya. Ishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ihohoterwa rivugwa muri Ositaraliya rirwanya ivangura ryerekeye inzego z'ubumwe.
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mubitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya amababi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza urutare, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda yimihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya byabanjirije ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza nubu.
Indigenous Australians: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni abantu bafite umurage wimiryango mumatsinda yabaga muri Ositaraliya mbere yubukoloni bwabongereza. Harimo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Ijambo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abantu cyangwa itsinda ry'umuco ryihariye ryumuntu, rikunze gukundwa, nubwo ijambo Igihugu cya mbere cya Ositaraliya, Abaturage ba mbere ba Ositaraliya n'Abanyaustraliya ba mbere nacyo gikunze kugaragara.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission: Komisiyo y'Abasangwabutaka na Torres Strait Islander ( ATSIC ) (1990–2005) yari urwego rwa guverinoma ya Ositaraliya aho Aboriginal ba Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islanders bagize uruhare mu bikorwa bya guverinoma bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yabo, yashinzwe na guverinoma ya Hawke mu 1990. Umubare. ya gahunda n'imiryango kavukire yaguye munsi yumutungo rusange wa ATSIC.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services: n Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Services bari bagize komisiyo ishinzwe aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander (ATSIC).
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mubitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya amababi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza urutare, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda yimihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya byabanjirije ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza nubu.
Australian Aboriginal astronomy: n Abanyaustraliya Aboriginal Astronomie ni izina ryahawe umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ryerekeye amasomo y'ikirere - nk'izuba n'ukwezi, inyenyeri, imibumbe, n'inzira y'Amata, hamwe n'ibigenda byabo mu kirere.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera ugaragara mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi hirya no hino muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
List of Australian place names of Aboriginal origin: Amazina y'ahantu muri Ositaraliya afite amazina akomoka mu ndimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya kubera impamvu eshatu zingenzi: Amateka, abashakashatsi n'abanyaburayi bashobora kuba baraba Aboriginal baho izina ryaho, bakacyita izina. Aho batabajije, bashobora kuba barumvise aho hantu hitwa. Kubera ingorane zururimi, ibisubizo byakunze kumvikana nabi no kumva nabi amazina, nkizina ryumugezi wa Yarra. Hari amakenga umubare n'amazina ahantu bikaba guhindura uko pretty n'ahantu kuruhukira, bikaba bishobora kwerekana romanticism Burayi, kandi nta gushidikanya mwiza masezerano ya mispronunciation na ruswa muri rusange. n Guverinoma za Ositaraliya zavuze ku mugaragaro ahantu henshi, cyane cyane mu nkengero z'Abasangwabutaka cyangwa amatsinda y'indimi, nka Aranda cyangwa Tullamarine. Izina ryaho ryahoze ryitwa Aboriginal, kandi Aboriginal baracyaba muri kariya gace. Ibi ni ko bimeze cyane cyane kubasangwabutaka, nka Maningrida mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru. Ibi bikunze kugaragara aho gutura kavukire bitabaye bike cyane cyane muri Ositaraliya yo hagati na Top End.
Bark painting: Gushushanya ibishishwa nubuhanzi bwa Aboriginal bo muri Ositaraliya, burimo gushushanya imbere imbere yumurongo wigiti cyibiti. Ubu ni uburyo bukomeza bwo kwerekana ubuhanzi muri Arnhem Land no mu tundi turere twa Top End ya Ositaraliya harimo uduce twa Kimberley two mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Ubusanzwe, ibishishwa byashushanyaga byakozwe muburyo bwo kwigisha no kwizihiza kandi byari ibintu byigihe gito. Uyu munsi, barashakishwa cyane nabakusanya hamwe n'ibigo byubuhanzi rusange.
Bush bread: Umugati wa Bush , cyangwa udutsima twimbuto , bivuga umutsima wakozwe nabanya Australiya ba Aboriginal, mukujanjagura imbuto mo ifu, nyuma yo gutekwa. Umugati wari mwinshi muri poroteyine na karubone, kandi byafashaga kuba igice cyimirire gakondo. Rimwe na rimwe nanone byitwa damper , nubwo dampernis ikunze gukoreshwa mugusobanura umutsima wakozwe nabasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal breastplate: Amaberebere y'abasangwabutaka yari uburyo bwa regaliya yakoreshejwe muri pre-federasiyo ya Ositaraliya n'abayobozi b'abakoloni b'abazungu kugira ngo bamenye abo babonaga ko ari abayobozi b'abasangwabutaka. Ubusanzwe igituza cyari icyapa kimeze nk'icyuma cyambarwa mu ijosi nuwambaye.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Aboriginal child protection: n Kurinda abana b'abasangwabutaka bisobanura serivisi zagenewe cyane cyane kurengera abana ba \ "aboriginal \" cyangwa abasangwabutaka, cyane cyane aho aba baturage ari bake mu gihugu. Bashobora gutandukana kurwego mpuzamahanga, igihugu, amategeko, umuco, imibereho, umwuga na gahunda na serivisi rusange zo kurengera abana. Uburenganzira bwibanze bwa muntu nisoko ya byinshi bitandukanye. Kurinda abana b'abasangwabutaka birashobora kuba intangarugero cyangwa umwihariko wa serivisi nyamukuru cyangwa birashobora gukorwa muburyo busanzwe cyangwa muburyo butemewe nabasangwabutaka ubwabo. Habayeho impaka zerekeranye na jenoside itunganijwe muri gahunda zo kurengera abana zishyirwa mu bikorwa hamwe n'abana b'abasangwabutaka mu bihugu byakurikiye ubukoloni.
Civil rights movements: Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu ni uruhererekane rw'imitwe ya politiki ku isi yose ku buringanire imbere y'amategeko, yageze mu myaka ya za 1960. Mu bihe byinshi baranzwe n'imyigaragambyo idahutaza, cyangwa bafashe uburyo bwo kwiyamamaza kw'abaturage bigamije kugera ku mpinduka binyuze mu buryo butavogerwa. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, baherekejwe, cyangwa bakurikirwa n'imvururu z'abaturage no kwigomeka bitwaje intwaro. Ibikorwa bimaze igihe kirekire kandi birambye mu bihugu byinshi, kandi inyinshi muri izo ngendo ntizigeze zigera ku ntego zazo, cyangwa n'ubwo zitaragera ku ntego zazo, nubwo imbaraga z'iyi mitwe zatumye habaho iterambere ry'uburenganzira bwemewe n'amatsinda y'abantu bakandamijwe mbere. , ahantu hamwe.
Periplaneta aboriginea: Isake y'abasangwabutaka ni ubwoko bw'isake yo mu muryango wa Blattidae. Bitandukanye na cockroach ifitanye isano na Australiya, iyi ni icyorezo cya kavukire cya Ositaraliya, cyanditswe gusa mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'igice kinini cyo kugabana muri Queensland, kugera mu majyaruguru kugera mu gace ka Cape York.
Aboriginal communities in Western Australia: Imiryango y'Abasangwabutaka bo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya ni umuryango w'Abanyaustraliya bo muri Ositaraliya mu gihugu cyabo; abaturage bagizwe nimiryango ifite aho ihurira nigihugu cyaguka mbere yuburayi bwa Australiya.
Australian heritage law: n Amategeko y'umurage wa Ositaraliya abaho kurwego rwigihugu (Commonwealth), no kuri buri ntara y'umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, New South Wales, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Queensland, Ositaraliya yepfo, Tasmaniya, Victoria, leta ya Ositaraliya n'iburengerazuba. Mubisanzwe hariho amategeko atandukanye agenga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka n'ahantu hatagatifu, n'umurage w'amateka. Amategeko ya Leta yemerera kandi umurage kurindwa binyuze mu mabwiriza y'inzego z'ibanze, nka gahunda yo gutegura, kimwe.
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003: Itegeko ry'umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka 2003 ni amategeko yemejwe n'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Queensland, atangira muri Mata 2004 kumenya, kurinda no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Leta ya Queensland
Australian heritage law: n Amategeko y'umurage wa Ositaraliya abaho kurwego rwigihugu (Commonwealth), no kuri buri ntara y'umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, New South Wales, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Queensland, Ositaraliya yepfo, Tasmaniya, Victoria, leta ya Ositaraliya n'iburengerazuba. Mubisanzwe hariho amategeko atandukanye agenga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka n'ahantu hatagatifu, n'umurage w'amateka. Amategeko ya Leta yemerera kandi umurage kurindwa binyuze mu mabwiriza y'inzego z'ibanze, nka gahunda yo gutegura, kimwe.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Aboriginal cultures of Western Australia: nHabayeho ubwoko butandukanye bwimico gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka n'indimi muri Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba. Eugene Stockton yerekana ko muri Ositaraliya hari abaturage barenga miliyoni 360 b'abasangwabutaka, ariko bose hamwe bakaba miliyoni 40 gusa bimukira muri Ositaraliya.
Indigenous Australian customary law: n Amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka ya Australiya yerekeza ku buryo bwemewe n'amategeko n'imigenzo idasanzwe y'Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya. Amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka yateje imbere igihe uhereye ku mahame mbwirizamuco yemewe muri societe y'Abasangwabutaka. Bagenga imyitwarire yumuntu, bagategeka ibihano byihariye byo kutubahiriza amategeko, kandi bagahuza abantu nubutaka ndetse nundi, binyuze muburyo bwimibanire.
Aboriginal Day of Action: Umunsi w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka wari umunsi w'imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yateguwe n'amatsinda y'ibihugu by'Abanyakanada ku ya 29 Kamena 2007. Ibirori byabereye ku mbuga hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Aboriginal deaths in custody: Imfu z'abasangwabutaka bafunzwe ni ikibazo cya politiki n'imibereho myiza muri Ositaraliya. Ryazamutse cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, aho abarwanashyaka b'Abasangwabutaka biyamamazaga nyuma y'urupfu rwa John Peter Pat w'imyaka 16 y'amavuko mu 1983. Urupfu rwakurikiyeho muri gereza, rufatwa nk'ikekwa n'imiryango ya nyakwigendera, rwasojwe na komisiyo ishinzwe ubwami mu 1987 mu rupfu rw'abasangwabutaka. muri Gereza (RCIADIC).
Aboriginal deaths in custody: Imfu z'abasangwabutaka bafunzwe ni ikibazo cya politiki n'imibereho myiza muri Ositaraliya. Ryazamutse cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, aho abarwanashyaka b'Abasangwabutaka biyamamazaga nyuma y'urupfu rwa John Peter Pat w'imyaka 16 y'amavuko mu 1983. Urupfu rwakurikiyeho muri gereza, rufatwa nk'ikekwa n'imiryango ya nyakwigendera, rwasojwe na komisiyo ishinzwe ubwami mu 1987 mu rupfu rw'abasangwabutaka. muri Gereza (RCIADIC).
Rubus aboriginum: Rubus aboriginum ni ubwoko bwa dewberry yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya dewberry yo mu busitani na dewberry . Kimwe nizindi mbuto, ni ubwoko bwibimera byindabyo mumuryango wa roza, bifitanye isano na blackberry. Ikomoka muri Amerika no muri Megizike, cyane cyane mu Kibaya kinini cyo mu majyepfo hamwe n'abandi baturage batatanye mu burasirazuba bwa Amerika no muri Nuevo León.
The Dreaming: Inzozi , nanone zitwa Inzozi , ni ijambo ryakozwe n'abantu ba mbere ba antropropologue kugira ngo ryerekane imyumvire y'isi ishingiye ku idini-umuco ishingiye ku myizerere y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. Yabanje gukoreshwa na Francis Gillen, yahise yemerwa na mugenzi we Baldwin Spencer hanyuma yaje gukundwa na AP Elkin, ariko nyuma yaje kuvugurura ibitekerezo bye. Inzozi zikoreshwa mugushushanya imyumvire y'Abasangwabutaka ya Buri gihe mugihe igihugu cyari gituwe nabasekuruza, akenshi cyaba intwari cyangwa ubushobozi bwindengakamere. Iyi mibare akenshi yari itandukanye nimana kuko itagenzuraga isi yumubiri kandi ntabwo yasengwaga, ahubwo yubahwa gusa. Igitekerezo cya Dreamtime cyakurikijwe cyane kirenze imiterere yambere ya Australiya kandi ubu kiri mumico ikunzwe kwisi yose.
Indigenous All Stars (rugby league): Ikipe y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ya rugby ni ikipe yumupira wamaguru ya rugby ihagarariye Aboriginal Australiya na Torres Strait Islanders. Iyi kipe yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1973, kuri ubu ikina mu mukino ngarukamwaka wa Stars Stars hamwe n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Rugby League NRL All Stars.
Aboriginal dugout canoe: n Aboriginal dugout ubwato bwateye imbere cyane mubuhanga bwa kato. Ubwato bwa Dugout bushobora kuba bwarakomeye, bwihuse, kandi bukora neza kuruta ubwoko bwambere bwubwato. Kuba Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bakoresha ubwo bwato byazanye impinduka nyinshi mubikorwa byabo byo guhiga ndetse na societe.
Australian Aboriginal elder: Umusaza w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya asobanurwa nk "umuntu wamenyekanye nkumucungamutungo wubumenyi na lore, kandi ufite uburenganzira bwo gutangaza ubumenyi n'imyizerere \". Abasaza batanga inkunga kubaturage babo muburyo bwo kuyobora, ubujyanama nubumenyi, bufasha gukemura ibibazo byubuzima, uburezi, ubushomeri n'ivangura. Uruhare rwabo narwo rwibanze ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe.
Aboriginal Tent Embassy: Ambasade y'amahema y'Aboriginal ni ikibanza gihoraho cy'imyigaragambyo mu rwego rwo guhagararira uburenganzira bwa politiki bw'Abanyaustraliya. Yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1972 mu rwego rwo kwamagana uburyo guverinoma ya McMahon yerekeye uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, igizwe n'ibimenyetso n'amahema. Kuva mu 1992, iherereye mu cyatsi giteganye n'inzu ishinga amategeko ishaje i Canberra, umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya. Ntabwo ifatwa nka ambasade yemewe na leta ya Australiya. Intego z'imyigaragambyo kuri Ambasade zahindutse uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, kandi guhera mu 2020 ntabwo harimo uburenganzira bw'ubutaka gusa ahubwo harimo ubusugire bw'abasangwabutaka no kwishyira ukizana.
Australian Aboriginal Flag: Ibendera rya Aboriginal rya Australiya ryerekana Abanyaustraliya. Ni rimwe mu ibendera ryatangajwe ku mugaragaro rya Ositaraliya, kandi rifite ubuzima gatozi na politiki. Bikunze gutwarwa hamwe nibendera ryigihugu hamwe nibendera rya Torres Strait Islander, naryo rikaba ari ibendera ryatangajwe kumugaragaro.
Indigenous food security in Canada: Inama y'ibiribwa ku isi mu 1996 yavuze ko kwihaza mu biribwa "bibaho igihe abantu bose, igihe cyose, bafite umubiri n'ubukungu kubona ibiryo bihagije, bifite umutekano kandi bifite intungamubiri kugira ngo babone ibyo bakeneye mu mirire ndetse n'ibyo bakunda kugira ngo babeho neza kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza \" Ku Basangwabutaka benshi abaturage muri Kanada hari ikibazo kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubice byumutekano wibiribwa. Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa nkahantu, urwego rwinjiza, nikirere.
Aboriginal Gallery of Dreamings: Aboriginal Gallery of Dreamings ( AGOD ) ni ububiko bwubuhanzi i Cheltenham, Melbourne, Ositaraliya, bufite kandi bukoreshwa nuwakusanyije ibihangano Hank Ebes. Ryashinzwe mu 1990, ni rimwe mu bigali bya mbere byabereye i Melbourne byeguriwe rwose ibihangano by'Abasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal groupings of Western Australia: n \ nIyi ngingo itanga incamake y'amatsinda y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya, hamwe n'imbibi z'amoko zishingiye ku ikarita ya Norman Tindale yo mu 1974, nk'uko byasohotse mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya: Atlas of Human Endeavour (1979) na Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba. Noongar - yigaruriye agace k'ubuhinzi bw'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya - yibasiwe kuva mu 1827, kandi uyu munsi uhagarariwe n'inama y'ubutaka n'inyanja y'amajyepfo. Harimo amatsinda atanu yumuco: Ubwoko bwa Perth: Imyitwarire ya Matrilineal nimiryango ya totemic. Amatsinda yo kumanuka ya patrilineal. Harimo Amangu, Yued, Whadjuk, Binjareb, Wardandi, Ganeang na Wilmen. \ n Ubwoko bwa Nyakinyaki: Ubundi buryo bwibisekuru bisa nubwoko bwubutayu bwiburengerazuba, hamwe nitsinda ryabakomokaho. Harimo Balardong na Nyakinyaki. \ n Ubwoko bwa Bibelmen: Imyitwarire ya Patrilineal hamwe nitsinda ryabakomokaho. Harimo Bibulmen na Minang. \ n Ubwoko bwa Wudjari: busa na Nyakinyaki usibye ko bise patrilineal totemic amatsinda akomokaho. \ n Ubwoko bwa Nyunga: busa na Wangai hamwe na endogamous ebyiri zitwa amacakubiri, aho ubukwe bwabereye mu gice cyawe ariko abana bari muburyo bunyuranye, bahinduwe kuva mubutayu bwiburengerazuba. Harimo Nyunga. Yamatji - yigarurira Murchison, Gascoyne- yibasiwe kuva mu 1840 gukomeza, ihagarariwe uyumunsi na Yamatji Bana Baaba Marlpa Njyanama yubutaka ninyanja. Ubwoko bwa Nganda: Patrilineal totemic amatsinda akomokaho, nta moieties cyangwa ibice. Harimo Nganda na Nandu. \ n Inggadi-Badimaia gtype: Ibice ntibisobanuwe neza, Imiryango ya Patrilineal totemic yimiryango yibumbiye mumacakubiri manini. Harimo Inggada, Dadei, Malgada, Ngugan, Widi, Badimaia, Wadjari, na Goara. \ n Ubwoko bwa Djalenji-Maia: Ibice bifitanye isano n'amagambo ya bene wabo, Amatsinda ya Matrilineal. Harimo Noala, Djalenji, Yinigudira, Baiyungu, Maia, Malgaru, Dargari, Buduna, Guwari, Warianga, Djiwali, Djururu, Nyanu, Bandjima, Inawongga, Gurama, Binigura na Guwari. \ n Ubwoko bwa Nyangamada: Ibice bifite matrilineal indirect itaziguye, hamwe na patrilineal matsinda yaho. Harimo Bailgu, Indjibandji, Mardudunera, Yaburara, Ngaluma, Gareira, Nyamal, Ngala, na Nyangamada. Wankai cyangwa Wongi - bigaruriye uturere twa Goldfields na Nullarbor two mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya byibasiwe n'imyaka ya 1880, bahagarariwe uyu munsi na Goldfields Land and Sea Aboriginal Council Corporation. Ubwoko bwa Galamaia-Gelago: Nka Nyunga, ariko kwitoza gukebwa. Harimo Galamaia, Ngurlu, Maduwongga, na Gelago. \ n Ubwoko bwa Mirning: Amatsinda ya totemic yamanuka ya matsinda, Nta mitsi cyangwa ibice. Bisa n'ubwoko bw'Ubutayu. Harimo Ngadjunmaia, Mirning. Abantu ba Kimberley - mu karere ka Kimberley - bavuga indimi zitandukanye kandi bakagira ingaruka ku myaka ya za 1870, bahagarariwe uyu munsi n'inama y'ubutaka ya Kimberley. Ubwoko bwa Garadjeri: Naho Nyangamada. Harimo Garadjeri, Mangala, Yaoro, Djungun, Ngombal, Djaberadjabera, na Nyulnyul. \ n Ubwoko bwa Bardi. Amatsinda yo kumanuka ya patrilineal, ntamahoro cyangwa ibice. Harimo Warwar, Nimanburu, Ongarang, Djaul Djaui. \ n Ubwoko bwa Ungarinyin: Patrilineal. Harimo Umedi, Wungemi, Worora, Wunumbul Ngaanyatjarra - yigarurira akarere k'ubutayu bwo hagati - kandi ntigire ingaruka nke ugereranije n'andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba.
Gynatrix pulchella: Gynatrix pulchella , igihuru cya hemp cyangwa Aboriginal hemp , ni igihuru cyindabyo cya dioecious mumuryango wa Malvaceae, cyanduye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Ikura kugera kuri metero 3 z'uburebure kandi ifite indabyo zera cyangwa cream. Ubwoko buboneka muri New South Wales, Umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, Victoria na Tasmaniya.
Australian heritage law: n Amategeko y'umurage wa Ositaraliya abaho kurwego rwigihugu (Commonwealth), no kuri buri ntara y'umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, New South Wales, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Queensland, Ositaraliya yepfo, Tasmaniya, Victoria, leta ya Ositaraliya n'iburengerazuba. Mubisanzwe hariho amategeko atandukanye agenga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka n'ahantu hatagatifu, n'umurage w'amateka. Amategeko ya Leta yemerera kandi umurage kurindwa binyuze mu mabwiriza y'inzego z'ibanze, nka gahunda yo gutegura, kimwe.
Australian heritage law: n Amategeko y'umurage wa Ositaraliya abaho kurwego rwigihugu (Commonwealth), no kuri buri ntara y'umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, New South Wales, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, Queensland, Ositaraliya yepfo, Tasmaniya, Victoria, leta ya Ositaraliya n'iburengerazuba. Mubisanzwe hariho amategeko atandukanye agenga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka n'ahantu hatagatifu, n'umurage w'amateka. Amategeko ya Leta yemerera kandi umurage kurindwa binyuze mu mabwiriza y'inzego z'ibanze, nka gahunda yo gutegura, kimwe.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, byaremye umubiri ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
History of Indigenous Australians: Amateka y'Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya yatanguye n'imiburiburi imyaka 65.000 iheze igihe abantu babanje gutura ku butaka bwa Australiya. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo amateka y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander , amatsinda abiri asobanuwe neza buri umwe arimo andi matsinda mato asobanurwa nururimi n'umuco.
Aboriginal history of Western Australia: Amateka y'Abasangwabutaka bo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya yanditsweho ko ariho mu myaka ibihumbi 50-70 mbere yo guhura n'Uburayi. Iyi ngingo ivuga gusa ku mateka yanditse kuva mu bihugu kavukire kuva i Burayi butuye i Perth.
Outstation (Aboriginal community): Nan outstation, c'amavukiro cyangwa c'amavukiro abaturage ni nto cyane, akenshi kure, uhoraho abaturage abantu Aboriginal Australia isano na cyene, ku gihugu ko kenshi, ariko si ko buri gihe, afite imibereho myiza, umuco cyangwa ubukungu insobanuro bo, nk'uko gihugu gakondo. Urugendo rwo kwirukana hanze cyangwa urwababyaye bivuga kwimuka kubushake bwabasangwabutaka bava mumijyi bajya aha hantu.
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka muri Kanada, bazwi kandi nk'Abanyakanada b'Abanyakanada \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, abahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Australian Aboriginal kinship: n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bigizwe na sisitemu y'amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka agenga imikoranire myiza ijyanye n'ubusabane mu mico gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka. Nibice bigize umuco wa buri tsinda ryabasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya, kandi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mubijyanye nubukwe hagati yabasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal title: Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ni inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ku gihe gakondo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gufata ubusugire mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'abimukira. Ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana izina ryabasangwabutaka, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka, uburyo bwo kuzimya izina ry'abasangwabutaka, no kubona indishyi mu gihe cyo kuzimya biratandukanye cyane n'ububasha. Inkiko hafi ya zose ziremeranya ko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka udashobora gutandukanywa, kandi ko ushobora gufatwa ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe.
Aboriginal title: Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ni inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ku gihe gakondo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gufata ubusugire mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'abimukira. Ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana izina ryabasangwabutaka, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka, uburyo bwo kuzimya izina ry'abasangwabutaka, no kubona indishyi mu gihe cyo kuzimya biratandukanye cyane n'ububasha. Inkiko hafi ya zose ziremeranya ko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka udashobora gutandukanywa, kandi ko ushobora gufatwa ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe.
Land council: n Inama y'ubutaka , izwi kandi ku izina ry'inama z'ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka , cyangwa inama z'ubutaka n'inyanja , ni amashyirahamwe y'abaturage bo muri Ositaraliya, ubusanzwe ategurwa n'akarere, akunze gushyirwaho kugira ngo ahagararire Abanyaustraliya kavukire bigaruriye akarere kabo mbere y'uko abimukira b'i Burayi bahagera. Bahigiye mu mateka guharanira uburenganzira bw'ubutaka gakondo, ndetse no guharanira uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka mu tundi turere nk'imishahara ingana n'amazu ahagije. Inama zubutaka zirishyigikira, kandi ntizaterwa inkunga n'imisoro ya leta cyangwa leta.
Aboriginal land councils in the Northern Territory: nInama y'ubutaka kavukire mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru ni uturere twigenga tw'Abasangwabutaka.
Indigenous land rights: n Uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ni uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka ku butaka n'umutungo kamere urimo, haba ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe, cyane cyane mu bihugu byakolonijwe. Uburenganzira bujyanye nubutaka n'umutungo bifite akamaro kanini kubasangwabutaka kubera impamvu zitandukanye, zirimo: akamaro k'idini ry'ubutaka, kwishyira ukizana, indangamuntu, hamwe n'ubukungu. Ubutaka ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu bukungu, kandi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by'abasangwabutaka, gukoresha umutungo kamere w'ubutaka n'inyanja nibyo shingiro ry'ubukungu bw'ingo zabo, bityo rero gusaba nyirubwite biva kubikenewe kugira ngo babone ubwo butunzi. Ubutaka bushobora kandi kuba igikoresho cyingenzi cyumurage cyangwa ikimenyetso cyimibereho. Mu miryango myinshi y'Abasangwabutaka, nko mu bantu benshi b'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, igihugu ni igice cy'ingenzi mu myizerere yabo no mu myizerere yabo.
Indigenous land rights: n Uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ni uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka ku butaka n'umutungo kamere urimo, haba ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe, cyane cyane mu bihugu byakolonijwe. Uburenganzira bujyanye nubutaka n'umutungo bifite akamaro kanini kubasangwabutaka kubera impamvu zitandukanye, zirimo: akamaro k'idini ry'ubutaka, kwishyira ukizana, indangamuntu, hamwe n'ubukungu. Ubutaka ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu bukungu, kandi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by'abasangwabutaka, gukoresha umutungo kamere w'ubutaka n'inyanja nibyo shingiro ry'ubukungu bw'ingo zabo, bityo rero gusaba nyirubwite biva kubikenewe kugira ngo babone ubwo butunzi. Ubutaka bushobora kandi kuba igikoresho cyingenzi cyumurage cyangwa ikimenyetso cyimibereho. Mu miryango myinshi y'Abasangwabutaka, nko mu bantu benshi b'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, igihugu ni igice cy'ingenzi mu myizerere yabo no mu myizerere yabo.
Indigenous land rights in Australia: Uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya , buzwi kandi ku burenganzira bw'ubutaka bwa Aboriginal muri Ositaraliya , bujyanye n'uburenganzira n'inyungu mu butaka bw'abaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya, kandi iryo jambo rishobora no kubamo guharanira ubwo burenganzira. Guhuza ubutaka n'amazi ni ingenzi mu muco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ndetse no ku baturage ba Torres Strait Islander, kandi habaye intambara ndende kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe gutunga ubutaka n'amazi byigaruriwe n'abantu benshi mbere yo gukoronizwa. Ositaraliya guhera mu 1788, no kwigarurira ibirwa bya Torres Strait na koloni ya Queensland mu 1870.
Aboriginal land rights legislation in Australia: Inteko zishinga amategeko za Commonwealth, Leta, n'Intara za Ositaraliya zemeje amategeko y'uburenganzira bw'ubutaka.
Aboriginal title: Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ni inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ku gihe gakondo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gufata ubusugire mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'abimukira. Ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana izina ryabasangwabutaka, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka, uburyo bwo kuzimya izina ry'abasangwabutaka, no kubona indishyi mu gihe cyo kuzimya biratandukanye cyane n'ububasha. Inkiko hafi ya zose ziremeranya ko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka udashobora gutandukanywa, kandi ko ushobora gufatwa ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe.
Aboriginal land title in Canada: Muri Kanada, izina ryabasangwabutaka rifatwa nka sui generis inyungu kubutaka. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka wasobanuwe muri ubu buryo hagamijwe kuwutandukanya n'izindi nyungu bwite, ariko nanone bitewe n'uko ibiranga bidashobora gusobanurwa hifashishijwe amategeko rusange asanzwe y'umutungo utimukanwa, cyangwa amategeko y'umutungo aboneka muri sisitemu yemewe n'amategeko. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwaranze igitekerezo cy'uko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ari sui generis nk'ihame rihuza rishingiye ku bipimo bitandukanye by'iryo zina. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka urasobanurwa neza nkuburenganzira nyabwo cyangwa uburenganzira bwumuntu ku giti cye, nubwo bigaragara ko busangiye ibiranga uburenganzira nyabwo ndetse n'umuntu ku giti cye. Umutwe w'Abasangwabutaka bivuga igitekerezo cya sui generis mu butaka bukomoka ku mwuga wihariye no gukoresha ifasi runaka n'itsinda ry'abasangwabutaka iryo tsinda rifite amateka gakondo.
Aboriginal language: Ururimi rw'abasangwabutaka rushobora kwerekeza kuri: Ururimi kavukire n Indimi z'Abasangwabutaka Indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani \ n Indimi kavukire zo muri Amerika \ n Indimi z'abasangwabutaka \ n \ n
Aboriginal language: Ururimi rw'abasangwabutaka rushobora kwerekeza kuri: Ururimi kavukire n Indimi z'Abasangwabutaka Indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani \ n Indimi kavukire zo muri Amerika \ n Indimi z'abasangwabutaka \ n \ n
Aboriginal language: Ururimi rw'abasangwabutaka rushobora kwerekeza kuri: Ururimi kavukire n Indimi z'Abasangwabutaka Indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani \ n Indimi kavukire zo muri Amerika \ n Indimi z'abasangwabutaka \ n \ n
Aboriginal language: Ururimi rw'abasangwabutaka rushobora kwerekeza kuri: Ururimi kavukire n Indimi z'Abasangwabutaka Indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani \ n Indimi kavukire zo muri Amerika \ n Indimi z'abasangwabutaka \ n \ n
Languages of Canada: Indimi nyinshi zikoreshwa muri Kanada. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2016, icyongereza n'igifaransa ni ururimi kavukire rwa 56.0% na 21.4% by'Abanyakanada. Muri rusange 86.2% by'Abanyakanada bafite ubumenyi bwakazi mucyongereza mugihe 29.8% bafite ubumenyi bwakazi bwigifaransa. Mu itegeko ry'indimi zemewe ryo mu 1969, icyongereza n'igifaransa byombi bifite ubuzimagatozi muri Kanada hose, ku bijyanye na serivisi zose za Leta, harimo n'inkiko, kandi amategeko yose ya leta ashyirwaho mu ndimi ebyiri. New Brunswick nintara yonyine yo muri Kanada ifite icyongereza nigifaransa nkindimi zemewe kurwego rumwe, hamwe n'itegeko nshinga. Ururimi rwemewe rwa Québec ni Igifaransa, nubwo, muri iyo ntara, Itegeko Nshinga risaba ko amategeko yose yashyirwaho mu Gifaransa n'Icyongereza, kandi inkiko zishobora gukorwa mu rurimi rumwe. Kurinda itegeko nshinga nkibi biri muri Manitoba, aho icyongereza arirwo rurimi rwemewe.
Australian Aboriginal languages: Indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya zibarirwa mu magana, umubare nyawo nturamenyekana neza nubwo hari ibigereranyo biva ku byibuze byibuze 250 bigera kuri 363. Indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zigizwe n'imiryango myinshi y'indimi kandi yitaruye, wenda nka benshi 13, bivugwa n'abasangwabutaka bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya hamwe n'ibirwa bike byegeranye. Isano iri hagati yimiryango yindimi ntabwo isobanutse muri iki gihe nubwo hari ibyifuzo byo guhuza bamwe mumatsinda manini. Nubwo ibyo bidashidikanywaho, indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zikoreshwa hamwe nijambo tekinike "Indimi za Ositaraliya \", cyangwa \ "umuryango wa Ositaraliya \".
Formosan languages: Indimi za Formosan ni indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, zose ni Abanyaustraliya. Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani bemewe na guverinoma ni 2.3% by'abatuye icyo kirwa. Nyamara, 35% gusa ni bo bavuga ururimi rwabasekuruza, kubera ibinyejana byinshi byahinduye ururimi. Mu ndimi zigera kuri 26 z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, byibuze icumi zarazimye, izindi enye ni moribund, izindi zose ni zimwe mu kaga.
Indigenous languages of the Americas: Indimi kavukire zirenga igihumbi zivugwa nabasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika. Izi ndimi ntizishobora kwerekanwa ko zifitanye isano, kandi zishyizwe mumiryango ijana cyangwa irenga yindimi, kimwe nindimi nyinshi zazimye zidashyizwe ahagaragara kubera kubura amakuru.
Aboriginal law: Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka arashobora kwerekeza Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka n Amategeko gakondo muri Ositaraliya Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika \ n \ n
Aboriginal law: Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka arashobora kwerekeza Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka n Amategeko gakondo muri Ositaraliya Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika \ n \ n
Malayic languages: Indimi zo muri Maleziya ni ishami ryitsinda rya Malayo-Polynesiyani ryumuryango wururimi rwa Australiya. Umunyamuryango uzwi cyane ni Standard Malayika, ururimi rwigihugu rwa Brunei, Singapore na Maleziya; irakomeza kuba ishingiro rya Indoneziya, ururimi rwigihugu cya Indoneziya. Ishami rya Maleziya ririmo kandi indimi zaho zivugwa n'amoko ya Maleziya, izindi ndimi nyinshi zivugwa n'andi moko atandukanye ya Sumatra na Borneo. Umukandida bishoboka cyane kuri urheimat yindimi za Malayika ni Borneo yuburengerazuba.
List of massacres of Indigenous Australians: nHabayeho ubwicanyi bwinshi bw'Abasangwabutaka hamwe n'abaturage ba Torres Strait Islander n'abimukira nyuma y'abakoloni ba Ositaraliya n'ubwami bw'Ubwongereza, mu 1788. Ibyo bintu byari ibintu by'ibanze by'intambara yo ku mipaka ya Ositaraliya, kandi ubwicanyi bwambukiranya imipaka bwari igice cy'ingenzi cyahitanye Aboriginal hirya no hino. umugabane.
Australian Aboriginal kinship: n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bigizwe na sisitemu y'amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka agenga imikoranire myiza ijyanye n'ubusabane mu mico gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka. Nibice bigize umuco wa buri tsinda ryabasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya, kandi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mubijyanye nubukwe hagati yabasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal Multi-Media Society: Umuryango w'Aboriginal Multi-Media Society (AMMSA) ni umubwiriza w'Abasangwabutaka muri Kanada wahariwe gukenera Aboriginal bakeneye muri Kanada. AMMSA yashinzwe mu 1983 hashingiwe ku itegeko rya Alberta Societies Act itangiza igitabo cyayo cya mbere muri Werurwe 1983 - cyiswe AMMSA . Izina ryiki gitabo ryahinduwe nyuma rya Windspeaker muri Werurwe 1986.
Indigenous music of Australia: Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ugizwe n'umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya, uhuza n'imigenzo yabo gakondo ndetse n'imihango, mu binyejana byinshi byamateka yabo bwite hamwe na hamwe kugeza na nubu. Imiterere gakondo ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byerekana imikorere n'ibikoresho bya muzika byihariye mu turere runaka cyangwa amatsinda y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya; hamwe nibintu bimwebimwe bigize imigenzo yumuziki birasanzwe cyangwa bikwirakwira henshi kumugabane wa Ositaraliya, ndetse no hanze yarwo. Umuziki w'abirwa ba Torres Strait Islands ufitanye isano n'ibice byegeranye bya Gineya Nshya. Umuziki nigice cyingenzi mu kubungabunga umuco w'abasangwabutaka ba Australiya.
Indigenous music of Canada: Umuziki kavukire wo muri Kanada ukubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwumuziki bwakozwe nabanyakanada Aboriginal. Mbere yuko abimukira b'abanyaburayi baza mu cyahoze ari Kanada, ako karere kari karigaruriwe n'ibihugu byinshi bya mbere, birimo Salish na Haida y'Iburengerazuba, hagati ya Iroquois, Blackfoot na Huron, hagati ya Dene mu majyaruguru, na Innu na Mi'kmaq muri iburasirazuba na Cree mu majyaruguru. Buri muryango w'abasangwabutaka wari ufite imigenzo yihariye ya muzika. Kuririmba - kuririmba birazwi cyane kandi benshi bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye bya muzika.
Indigenous music of Australia: Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ugizwe n'umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya, uhuza n'imigenzo yabo gakondo ndetse n'imihango, mu binyejana byinshi byamateka yabo bwite hamwe na hamwe kugeza na nubu. Imiterere gakondo ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byerekana imikorere n'ibikoresho bya muzika byihariye mu turere runaka cyangwa amatsinda y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya; hamwe nibintu bimwebimwe bigize imigenzo yumuziki birasanzwe cyangwa bikwirakwira henshi kumugabane wa Ositaraliya, ndetse no hanze yarwo. Umuziki w'abirwa ba Torres Strait Islands ufitanye isano n'ibice byegeranye bya Gineya Nshya. Umuziki nigice cyingenzi mu kubungabunga umuco w'abasangwabutaka ba Australiya.
Indigenous music of Canada: Umuziki kavukire wo muri Kanada ukubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwumuziki bwakozwe nabanyakanada Aboriginal. Mbere yuko abimukira b'abanyaburayi baza mu cyahoze ari Kanada, ako karere kari karigaruriwe n'ibihugu byinshi bya mbere, birimo Salish na Haida y'Iburengerazuba, hagati ya Iroquois, Blackfoot na Huron, hagati ya Dene mu majyaruguru, na Innu na Mi'kmaq muri iburasirazuba na Cree mu majyaruguru. Buri muryango w'abasangwabutaka wari ufite imigenzo yihariye ya muzika. Kuririmba - kuririmba birazwi cyane kandi benshi bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye bya muzika.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera ugaragara mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi hirya no hino muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association: Ishyirahamwe ry'abaforomo b'abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada (CINA) ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, udaharanira inyungu. Ni itsinda rishamikiye ku ishyirahamwe ry'abaforomo bo muri Kanada. CINA n'umuryango wonyine w'abaforomo babigize umwuga ku Basangwabutaka bo muri Kanada kandi wahoze uzwi ku izina ry'ishyirahamwe ry'abaforomo ba Aboriginal bo muri Kanada. Ann Thomas Callahan, umuforomokazi wa Cree wo muri Kanada, yagize uruhare mu ishingwa ryayo, kandi ishyirahamwe ryamuhaye igihembo cya Lifetime Achievement Award mu 2014.
Outstation (Aboriginal community): Nan outstation, c'amavukiro cyangwa c'amavukiro abaturage ni nto cyane, akenshi kure, uhoraho abaturage abantu Aboriginal Australia isano na cyene, ku gihugu ko kenshi, ariko si ko buri gihe, afite imibereho myiza, umuco cyangwa ubukungu insobanuro bo, nk'uko gihugu gakondo. Urugendo rwo kwirukana hanze cyangwa urwababyaye bivuga kwimuka kubushake bwabasangwabutaka bava mumijyi bajya aha hantu.
Aboriginal passport: nUrwandiko rw'abajya mu mahanga rwerekeza ku nyandiko zitandukanye z'ingendo zatanzwe na leta yiyise Aboriginal by'agateganyo (APG), itsinda ry'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. Inyandiko nk'izo ntizemewe ko zemewe na guverinoma ya Ositarariya cyangwa Serivisi ishinzwe kurinda gasutamo no kurinda imipaka, nubwo abantu bamwe bemerewe kongera kwinjira muri Ositaraliya bakoresheje izo nyandiko.
Indigenous peoples: Ibisata Abasangwabutaka, kandi yitwa abantu mbere, abantu Aboriginal, abantu kavukire, cyangwa abantu autochthonous, ni n'umuco bitandukanye moko bari kavukire ahantu imaze byakoronijwe gutura n'uwundi mugwi moko. Ijambo abasangwabutaka ryabaye irya mbere, mu bihe bya none, ryakoreshejwe n'abanyaburayi, bakoresheje mu gutandukanya abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika n'abirabura bazanwe muri Amerika nk'abacakara muri Afurika. Irashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri urwo rwego na Sir Thomas Browne mu 1646, wavuze ati "kandi nubwo mu bice byinshi byayo muri iki gihe hari umubare munini w'aba Negro bakorera munsi ya Espagne , nyamara bose bajyanywe muri Afurika , kuva Columbus yavumburwa. ; kandi ntabwo ari kavukire cyangwa abenegihugu bakwiriye muri Amerika . \ "