Aborigines Act 1969

Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Taiwanese indigenous peoples: Taiwanese n'abantu b'imvukira, abantu Formosan, Austronesian Taiwanese, Yuanzhumin cyangwa Gāoshān abantu, ni abantu b'imvukira ya Tayiwani, akaba umubare ku 569.000 cyangwa 2,38% by'abaturage kirwa. Iyi mibare yiyongereye ku bantu barenga 800.000 niba abasangwabutaka bo mu bibaya byo muri Tayiwani barimo, mu gihe hagitegerejwe kumenyekana ku mugaragaro. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko abakurambere babo bashobora kuba batuye muri Tayiwani imyaka igera ku 6.500. Ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani bakomeje imiyoboro ihamye y'ubucuruzi n'umuco wo mu karere mbere y'uko abimukira b'Abanyakanani (Abashinwa) bava ku mugabane wa Aziya batangira mu kinyejana cya 17.
Indigenous peoples: Ibisata Abasangwabutaka, kandi yitwa abantu mbere, abantu Aboriginal, abantu kavukire, cyangwa abantu autochthonous, ni n'umuco bitandukanye moko bari kavukire ahantu imaze byakoronijwe gutura n'uwundi mugwi moko. Ijambo abasangwabutaka ryabanje, mubihe bigezweho, ryakoreshejwe nabanyaburayi, bakoresheje mu gutandukanya abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika n'abirabura bazanwe muri Amerika nk'abacakara muri Afurika. Irashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri urwo rwego na Sir Thomas Browne mu 1646, wavuze ati "kandi nubwo mu bice byinshi byayo muri iki gihe hari umubare munini w'Abanyanigoro bakorera munsi ya Espagne , nyamara bose bajyanywe muri Afurika , kuva Columbus yavumburwa. ; kandi ntabwo ari kavukire cyangwa abenegihugu bakwiriye muri Amerika . \ "
First Nations in Alberta: Amahanga ya mbere muri Alberta ni itsinda ryabantu baba mu ntara ya Alberta yo muri Kanada. Amahanga ya mbere ni abantu bazwi nkabasangwabutaka cyangwa Abahinde bo mu bibaya muri Kanada ukuyemo Inuit na Métis. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2011, abaturage 116.670 bo muri Albert biyitiriye ibihugu bya mbere. By'umwihariko hari abantu 96.730 bo mu bihugu bya mbere bafite Ubuhinde bwanditswe na 19.945 abantu ba mbere badafite Imiterere y'Ubuhinde. Alberta ifite umubare wa gatatu mu bihugu bya mbere by'ibihugu bya mbere mu ntara n'intara. Uhereye kuri aba baturage bose, 47.3% by'abaturage baba ku gasozi k'Ubuhinde naho abandi 52.7% baba mu mijyi. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2011, abaturage bo mu bihugu bya mbere muri Edmonton bose hamwe bagera ku 31.780, akaba ari wo wa kabiri mu mijyi iyo ari yo yose yo muri Kanada. Abatuye ibihugu bya mbere i Calgary, ukurikije Ibarura rusange rya 2011, bose hamwe bari 17.040. Muri Alberta hari Amahanga 48 cyangwa "bande \", akomoka mu moko icyenda atandukanye cyangwa \ "amoko \" ashingiye ku ndimi zabo.
First Nations in Atlantic Canada: Ibihugu byambere muri Atlantike ya Kanada bigize ibihugu byinshi. Ibi bihugu byambere bifite amoko atandukanye, harimo Mi'kmaq, Innu, na Maliseet.
First Nations in British Columbia: Ibihugu bya mbere muri Columbiya y'Ubwongereza bigize guverinoma n'ibihugu byinshi bya mbere mu ntara ya Columbiya y'Ubwongereza. Benshi muri aba banyakanada kavukire bifatanije ninama zimiryango. Amatsinda y'amoko arimo Haida, Salish Coast, Kwakwaka'wakw, Gitxsan, Tsimshian, Nisga'a nizindi ngero z'imico y'inyanja ya pasifika y'amajyaruguru y'iburengerazuba, ndetse n'imbere mu Gihugu cy'imbere muri Salish na Athapaskan, ndetse na Ktunaxa.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Métis, na Inuit biherereye mu turere dutatu twa Kanada: Intara y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, Nunavut, na Yukon.
First Nations in Manitoba: Ibihugu byambere muri Manitoba bigizwe nabantu barenga 130.000. Muri bo, abagera kuri 60% babaho ku bubiko. Hariho Intara 63 za mbere mu Ntara hamwe n'amatsinda atanu y'indimi. Indimi ni Nēhiyawēwin, Ojibwe, Dakota, Oji-Cree na Dene. Bari ku rutonde amazina Ikoresha rusange ariko andi mazina ashobora gukoreshwa mu duce tumwe na tumwe. Nkurugero, "Igihugu Cree \" na \ "Igihugu Cyambere \" gikoreshwa kumatsinda amwe kumurongo umwe.
Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Métis, na Inuit biherereye mu turere dutatu twa Kanada: Intara y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, Nunavut, na Yukon.
First Nations in Ontario: Amahanga yambere muri Ontario agizwe nibihugu byinshi. Amoko ahuriweho n'ibihugu byambere muri iyo ntara arimo Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee, na Cree. Mu bice byo mu majyepfo y'iyi ntara, hari ibigega bya Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneka na Tuscarora.
Indigenous peoples in Quebec: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Québec amoko 11 atandukanye. Ibihugu 10 byambere hamwe n'umuryango wa Inuit bigera ku bantu 141.915 kandi bangana na 2 ku ijana byabaturage ba Québec, Kanada.
First Nations in Saskatchewan: Ibihugu byambere muri Saskatchewan bigize guverinoma nyinshi za kavukire za Kanada. Amoko ya mbere y'amoko muri iyo ntara arimo Cree, Assiniboine, Saulteaux, Lakota, Dene na Dakota. Amateka, Atsina na Blackfoot nabyo byashoboraga kuboneka mubihe bitandukanye.
Taiwanese indigenous peoples: Taiwanese n'abantu b'imvukira, abantu Formosan, Austronesian Taiwanese, Yuanzhumin cyangwa Gāoshān abantu, ni abantu b'imvukira ya Tayiwani, akaba umubare ku 569.000 cyangwa 2,38% by'abaturage kirwa. Iyi mibare yiyongereye ku bantu barenga 800.000 niba abasangwabutaka bo mu bibaya byo muri Tayiwani barimo, mu gihe hagitegerejwe kumenyekana ku mugaragaro. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko abakurambere babo bashobora kuba batuye muri Tayiwani imyaka igera ku 6.500. Ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani bakomeje imiyoboro ihamye y'ubucuruzi n'umuco wo mu karere mbere y'uko abimukira b'Abanyakanani (Abashinwa) bava ku mugabane wa Aziya batangira mu kinyejana cya 17.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Métis, na Inuit biherereye mu turere dutatu twa Kanada: Intara y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, Nunavut, na Yukon.
Indigenous peoples in Quebec: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Québec amoko 11 atandukanye. Ibihugu 10 byambere hamwe n'umuryango wa Inuit bigera ku bantu 141.915 kandi bangana na 2 ku ijana byabaturage ba Québec, Kanada.
Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Métis, na Inuit biherereye mu turere dutatu twa Kanada: Intara y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, Nunavut, na Yukon.
First Nations in Alberta: Amahanga ya mbere muri Alberta ni itsinda ryabantu baba mu ntara ya Alberta yo muri Kanada. Amahanga ya mbere ni abantu bazwi nkabasangwabutaka cyangwa Abahinde bo mu bibaya muri Kanada ukuyemo Inuit na Métis. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2011, abaturage 116.670 bo muri Albert biyitiriye ibihugu bya mbere. By'umwihariko hari abantu 96.730 bo mu bihugu bya mbere bafite Ubuhinde bwanditswe na 19.945 abantu ba mbere badafite Imiterere y'Ubuhinde. Alberta ifite umubare wa gatatu mu bihugu bya mbere by'ibihugu bya mbere mu ntara n'intara. Uhereye kuri aba baturage bose, 47.3% by'abaturage baba ku gasozi k'Ubuhinde naho abandi 52.7% baba mu mijyi. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2011, abaturage bo mu bihugu bya mbere muri Edmonton bose hamwe bagera ku 31.780, akaba ari wo wa kabiri mu mijyi iyo ari yo yose yo muri Kanada. Abatuye ibihugu bya mbere i Calgary, ukurikije Ibarura rusange rya 2011, bose hamwe bari 17.040. Muri Alberta hari Amahanga 48 cyangwa "bande \", akomoka mu moko icyenda atandukanye cyangwa \ "amoko \" ashingiye ku ndimi zabo.
Aboriginal Australians: Aboriginal Australiya ni abasangwabutaka banyuranye bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya ndetse no mu birwa byinshi byayo, nka Tasmaniya, Ikirwa cya Fraser, Ikirwa cya Hinchinbrook, Ibirwa bya Tiwi, na Groote Eylandt, ariko ukuyemo ibirwa bya Torres Strait. Ijambo Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bivuga Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islanders hamwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ayo matsinda yombi yashyizwe mumutwe urimo gukemurwa. Abirwa ba Torres Strait baratandukanye mu moko no mu muco, nubwo bahanahana umuco na bamwe mu matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka. Ibirwa bya Torres Strait bigizwe ahanini na Queensland ariko bifite leta yihariye.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Aboriginal South Australians: nAbasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya yepfo ni Abasangwabutaka babaga muri Ositaraliya yepfo mbere y'abakoloni b'Abongereza muri Ositaraliya yepfo, hamwe nababakomokaho na basekuruza. Hariho ingorane zo kumenya amazina, imbibi z'ubutaka, hamwe n'amatsinda y'indimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya yepfo, harimo kubika nabi inyandiko no gutiza nkana, bityo rero hashobora gutangwa hafi gusa.
Taiwanese indigenous peoples: Taiwanese n'abantu b'imvukira, abantu Formosan, Austronesian Taiwanese, Yuanzhumin cyangwa Gāoshān abantu, ni abantu b'imvukira ya Tayiwani, akaba umubare ku 569.000 cyangwa 2,38% by'abaturage kirwa. Iyi mibare yiyongereye ku bantu barenga 800.000 niba abasangwabutaka bo mu bibaya byo muri Tayiwani barimo, mu gihe hagitegerejwe kumenyekana ku mugaragaro. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko abakurambere babo bashobora kuba batuye muri Tayiwani imyaka igera ku 6.500. Ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani bakomeje imiyoboro ihamye y'ubucuruzi n'umuco wo mu karere mbere y'uko abimukira b'Abanyakanani (Abashinwa) bava ku mugabane wa Aziya batangira mu kinyejana cya 17.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Aboriginal Peoples Party of Canada: Ishyaka rya Aboriginal Peoples Party of Canada (APP) ryari ishyaka rya politiki ryo muri Kanada ryashinzwe mu 2005. Iri shyaka ryatekerejwe n'umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Lethbridge Myron Wolf Child. Yakoze inama yo gushinga ku ya 21 Kanama 2005, i St. Albert, muri Alberta. APP yari iyobowe n'umuyobozi w'agateganyo Bill Montour, wahoze ari umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'ibihugu bitandatu muri Ontario. Mu Kwakira 2005, ishyaka ryari rifite abayoboke 122 bemejwe, bitarenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'umubare wari ukeneye kwiyandikisha nk'ishyaka ryemewe muri Kanada. Mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2005, APP yashatse kwishyira hamwe n'ishyaka rya mbere ry'igihugu cya Kanada kandi ryari rifite umubare muto w'abayoboke bemejwe bakeneye kuba ishyaka rya politiki ryanditswe. Ishyaka rya mbere ry'igihugu cya Kanada ryabaye ishyaka rya politiki ryujuje ibisabwa ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2005. Niba ibyo byarakozwe cyangwa bitakozwe binyuze mu kwibumbira hamwe na APP ntibisobanutse. Niba aribyo, APP ntikiriho, ariko, nkimwe mubiteganijwe ko hashobora guhuzwa ni uko izina ryishyaka rishya ryagenwa mumasezerano yambere y'ishyaka, birashoboka ko izina Aboriginal Peoples Party of Kanada izongera gukoreshwa.
List of Australian place names of Aboriginal origin: Amazina y'ahantu muri Ositaraliya afite amazina akomoka mu ndimi z'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya kubera impamvu eshatu zingenzi: Mu mateka, abashakashatsi n'abashakashatsi b'i Burayi bashobora kuba barabajije Aboriginal baho izina ryaho, bakacyita izina. Aho batabajije, bashobora kuba barumvise aho hantu hitwa. Kubera ingorane zururimi, ibisubizo byakunze kumvikana nabi no kutumva nabi, nkizina ryumugezi wa Yarra. Hari amakenga umubare n'amazina ahantu bikaba guhindura uko pretty n'ahantu kuruhukira, bikaba bishobora kwerekana romanticism Burayi, kandi nta gushidikanya mwiza masezerano ya mispronunciation na ruswa muri rusange. n Guverinoma za Ositaraliya zavuze ku mugaragaro ahantu henshi, cyane cyane mu nkengero z'Abasangwabutaka cyangwa amatsinda y'indimi, nka Aranda cyangwa Tullamarine. Izina ryaho ryahoze ryitwa Aboriginal, kandi Aboriginal baracyaba muri kariya gace. Ibi ni cyane cyane kubasangwabutaka, nka Maningrida mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru. Ibi ni kenshi cyane aho abatari abasangwabutaka batuye cyane, cyane cyane muri Ositaraliya yo hagati na Top End.
Indigenous police in Canada: Abapolisi b'abasangwabutaka muri Kanada ni abapolisi bashinzwe umutekano rusange ku bihugu bya mbere muri Kanada.
Indigenous Australians: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni abantu bafite umurage wimiryango mumatsinda yabaga muri Ositaraliya mbere yubukoroni bwabongereza. Harimo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Ijambo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abantu cyangwa itsinda ry'umuco ryihariye ryumuntu, rikunze gukundwa, nubwo ijambo Igihugu cya mbere cya Ositaraliya, Abaturage ba mbere ba Ositaraliya n'Abanyaustraliya ba mbere nacyo gikunze kugaragara.
Indigenous Australians: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni abantu bafite umurage wimiryango mumatsinda yabaga muri Ositaraliya mbere yubukoroni bwabongereza. Harimo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Ijambo Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abantu cyangwa itsinda ry'umuco ryihariye ryumuntu, rikunze gukundwa, nubwo ijambo Igihugu cya mbere cya Ositaraliya, Abaturage ba mbere ba Ositaraliya n'Abanyaustraliya ba mbere nacyo gikunze kugaragara.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Aboriginal reserve: Nan Aboriginal reserve, kandi yitwa gusa reserve, yari gutura Leta-kwiyamamariza Aboriginal Australiya, yaremye munsi Leta zitandukanye n'amategeko y'igihugu. Hamwe n'ubutumwa hamwe n'ibindi bigo, byakoreshejwe kuva mu kinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu myaka ya za 1960 kugira ngo Aboriginal batandukane n'abazungu bo muri Ositaraliya, kubera impamvu zitandukanye leta yabonaga. Amategeko agenga Aboriginal yahaye leta imbaraga nyinshi mubice byose byubuzima bwabasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal reserve: Nan Aboriginal reserve, kandi yitwa gusa reserve, yari gutura Leta-kwiyamamariza Aboriginal Australiya, yaremye munsi Leta zitandukanye n'amategeko y'igihugu. Hamwe n'ubutumwa hamwe n'ibindi bigo, byakoreshejwe kuva mu kinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu myaka ya za 1960 kugira ngo Aboriginal batandukane n'abazungu bo muri Ositaraliya, kubera impamvu zitandukanye leta yabonaga. Amategeko agenga Aboriginal yahaye leta imbaraga nyinshi mubice byose byubuzima bwabasangwabutaka.
Canadian Indian residential school system: Muri Kanada, gahunda y'ishuri ry'Abahinde yari ihuriro ry'amashuri acumbikira abenegihugu. Uyu muyoboro watewe inkunga n'ishami rya guverinoma ya Kanada ishinzwe ibibazo by'Ubuhinde kandi uyobowe n'amatorero ya gikristo. Sisitemu y'ishuri yashyizweho kugirango ikure abana b'abasangwabutaka ingaruka z'umuco wabo no kubashora mu muco wiganje wa Kanada. Mu gihe cya sisitemu imaze imyaka irenga ijana ibaho, abana bagera ku 150.000 bashyizwe mumashuri yo guturamo mu gihugu. Mu myaka ya za 1930, hafi 30 ku ijana by'abana b'abasangwabutaka bemezaga ko biga mu mashuri yo guturamo. Umubare w'impfu ziterwa n'ishuri nturamenyekana kubera inyandiko zuzuye. Ikigereranyo kiri hagati ya 3,200 na 30.000.
Indigenous rights: Uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka nuburenganzira bubaho kugirango tumenye imiterere yihariye yabasangwabutaka. Ibi ntibikubiyemo gusa uburenganzira bwibanze bwikiremwamuntu bwo kubaho no kuba inyangamugayo, ahubwo burimo n'uburenganzira ku butaka bwabo, ururimi, idini, nibindi bintu bigize umurage ndangamuco biri mubuzima bwabo no kuranga nkabantu. Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa nkigaragaza ubuvugizi bw'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, cyangwa bikagira uruhare mu mategeko y'igihugu mu gushyiraho isano iri hagati ya guverinoma n'uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana mu baturage b'abasangwabutaka, cyangwa mu mategeko mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda ihohoterwa. uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka n'ibikorwa bya guverinoma cyangwa amatsinda y'inyungu bwite.
Indigenous rights: Uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka nuburenganzira bubaho kugirango tumenye imiterere yihariye yabasangwabutaka. Ibi ntibikubiyemo gusa uburenganzira bwibanze bwikiremwamuntu bwo kubaho no kuba inyangamugayo, ahubwo burimo n'uburenganzira ku butaka bwabo, ururimi, idini, nibindi bintu bigize umurage ndangamuco biri mubuzima bwabo no kuranga nkabantu. Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa nkigaragaza ubuvugizi bw'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, cyangwa bikagira uruhare mu mategeko y'igihugu mu gushyiraho isano iri hagati ya guverinoma n'uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana mu baturage b'abasangwabutaka, cyangwa mu mategeko mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda ihohoterwa. uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka n'ibikorwa bya guverinoma cyangwa amatsinda y'inyungu bwite.
Indigenous rock: n Abasangwabutaka cyangwa Aboriginal ni uburyo bwumuziki uvanga umuziki wa rock hamwe nibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo kuririmba bwabasangwabutaka. Ibihugu bibiri bifite amabuye akomeye ya Aboriginal ni Ositaraliya na Kanada.
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mu bitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya ku bibabi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza amabuye, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda y'imihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya bibanziriza ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza na nubu.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, waremye ibintu bifatika ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Atriplex vesicaria: Atriplex vesicaria , bakunze kwita uruhago rwumunyu , ni ubwoko bwumunyu mwinshi muri Ositaraliya.
Indigenous Australian self-determination: Kwiyegurira Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya , bizwi kandi ku izina rya Aboriginal Australiya yo kwishyira ukizana , ni imbaraga zijyanye no kwiyobora n'abaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Nuburenganzira bwabaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander kumenya uko bahagaze muri politiki no gukurikirana inyungu zabo bwite mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n'umuco. Kwishyira ukizana byemeza ko Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abaturage bagomba kuyobora no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander no gushyiraho serivisi. Kwishyira ukizana bikubiyemo uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka no kwiyobora, kandi birashobora kandi gushyigikirwa n'amasezerano hagati ya guverinoma n'itsinda ry'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya.
Indigenous self-government in Canada: Imiyoborere y'Abasangwabutaka cyangwa Aboriginal bivuga ibyifuzo byo guha guverinoma zihagarariye abasangwabutaka muri Kanada ububasha bukomeye bwa guverinoma. Ibi byifuzo bitangirana no guha leta z'abasangwabutaka ububasha busa n'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze muri Kanada kugeza gusaba ko abasangwabutaka bamenyekana ko ari abigenga, kandi ko bashoboye imishyikirano "ibihugu by'ibihugu \" nk'amategeko angana na Nyampinga, kimwe n'abandi benshi. gutandukana.
Indigenous self-government in Canada: Imiyoborere y'Abasangwabutaka cyangwa Aboriginal bivuga ibyifuzo byo guha guverinoma zihagarariye abasangwabutaka muri Kanada ububasha bukomeye bwa guverinoma. Ibi byifuzo bitangirana no guha leta z'abasangwabutaka ububasha busa n'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze muri Kanada kugeza gusaba ko abasangwabutaka bamenyekana ko ari abigenga, kandi ko bashoboye imishyikirano "ibihugu by'ibihugu \" nk'amategeko angana na Nyampinga, kimwe n'abandi benshi. gutandukana.
Australian Aboriginal sign languages: Imico myinshi y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bafite cyangwa basanzwe bafite ururimi rwandikishijwe intoki, rwashyizweho umukono nururimi rwabo. Ibi bisa nkaho bifitanye isano na kirazira zitandukanye zo kuvuga hagati ya bene wabo cyangwa mugihe runaka, nko mugihe cyicyunamo kubagore cyangwa mugihe cyimihango yo gutangiza abagabo, nkuko byagenze no mururimi rw'amarenga rwo muri Caucase ariko ntabwo arirwo rurimi rw'amarenga rw'Abahinde, rwabikoze ntugire uruhare mu kuvuga kirazira, cyangwa indimi z'ibimenyetso zitumva, zitari kodegisi y'ururimi. Hariho isano imwe hagati yitsinda rituranye na pidgin zimwe zisa na Kibaya Ururimi rw'amarenga rw'Abahinde mu Kibaya kinini cyo muri Amerika.
Aboriginal sites of New South Wales: Ibibanza by'abasangwabutaka bo muri New South Wales bigizwe n'ahantu henshi muri leta ya Ositaraliya ya New South Wales aho biracyashoboka kubona ibimenyetso bigaragara by'ibikorwa n'umuco by'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bigaruriye utwo turere.
Aboriginal sites of Victoria: Ahantu h'abasangwabutaka ba Victoria bagize amateka yingenzi yibikorwa byabantu mumyaka irenga 40.000. Bashobora kumenyekana mu bisigazwa bya kera, amakuru y'amateka n'amoko cyangwa gukomeza imigenzo yo mu kanwa kandi bikubiyemo ahantu hakorerwa imihango n'imihango, aho abantu bakoreraga abantu baryaga, baryama kandi bagakora imirimo yabo ya buri munsi, hamwe n'ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana abantu banyura kuri ahantu nyaburanga, nkumutwe wishoka wajugunywe cyangwa ibihangano byihariye.
Indigenous peoples: Ibisata Abasangwabutaka, kandi yitwa abantu mbere, abantu Aboriginal, abantu kavukire, cyangwa abantu autochthonous, ni n'umuco bitandukanye moko bari kavukire ahantu imaze byakoronijwe gutura n'uwundi mugwi moko. Ijambo abasangwabutaka ryabanje, mubihe bigezweho, ryakoreshejwe nabanyaburayi, bakoresheje mu gutandukanya abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika n'abirabura bazanwe muri Amerika nk'abacakara muri Afurika. Irashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri urwo rwego na Sir Thomas Browne mu 1646, wavuze ati "kandi nubwo mu bice byinshi byayo muri iki gihe hari umubare munini w'Abanyanigoro bakorera munsi ya Espagne , nyamara bose bajyanywe muri Afurika , kuva Columbus yavumburwa. ; kandi ntabwo ari kavukire cyangwa abenegihugu bakwiriye muri Amerika . \ "
Indigenous peoples: Ibisata Abasangwabutaka, kandi yitwa abantu mbere, abantu Aboriginal, abantu kavukire, cyangwa abantu autochthonous, ni n'umuco bitandukanye moko bari kavukire ahantu imaze byakoronijwe gutura n'uwundi mugwi moko. Ijambo abasangwabutaka ryabanje, mubihe bigezweho, ryakoreshejwe nabanyaburayi, bakoresheje mu gutandukanya abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika n'abirabura bazanwe muri Amerika nk'abacakara muri Afurika. Irashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri urwo rwego na Sir Thomas Browne mu 1646, wavuze ati "kandi nubwo mu bice byinshi byayo muri iki gihe hari umubare munini w'Abanyanigoro bakorera munsi ya Espagne , nyamara bose bajyanywe muri Afurika , kuva Columbus yavumburwa. ; kandi ntabwo ari kavukire cyangwa abenegihugu bakwiriye muri Amerika . \ "
Australian Aboriginal sovereignty: Ubusugire bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni igitekerezo ndetse n'umutwe wa politiki mu kinyejana cya 20 na 21, ushakisha uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenyekanisha nyirubwite no / cyangwa kugenzura ibice bya Ositaraliya n'abaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander. Ubusugire bw'Abasangwabutaka ntibwemerwa mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Ositarariya cyangwa mu mategeko ya Ositarariya, kandi harasabwa ko hajyaho ivugururwa ry'itegeko nshinga ryemera ubusugire bw'ibihugu bya mbere by'ubutaka ndetse no guha inteko ishinga amategeko ijwi ry'abasangwabutaka. Kumenyekanisha imyuga yabanje no gutunga Australiya bisobanura kwemera ubusugire bwabaturage ba mbere, kandi bikanatanga inzira yamasezerano hagati yabaturage ba mbere na leta ya Australiya.
Aboriginal stone arrangement: Aboriginal amabuye ategurwa nuburyo bwubuhanzi bwubutare bwubatswe nabanya Australiya ba Aboriginal. Mubisanzwe, bigizwe namabuye, buri kimwe gishobora kuba gifite santimetero 30 (12 in) z'ubunini, gishyizwe mubishushanyo birenga metero nyinshi cyangwa metero icumi. Ingero zigaragara zakozwe n'imico myinshi itandukanye y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, kandi akenshi usanga batekereza ko ifitanye isano n'imihango yo mu mwuka.
Aboriginal stone arrangement: Aboriginal amabuye ategurwa nuburyo bwubuhanzi bwubutare bwubatswe nabanya Australiya ba Aboriginal. Mubisanzwe, bigizwe namabuye, buri kimwe gishobora kuba gifite santimetero 30 (12 in) z'ubunini, gishyizwe mubishushanyo birenga metero nyinshi cyangwa metero icumi. Ingero zigaragara zakozwe n'imico myinshi itandukanye y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, kandi akenshi usanga batekereza ko ifitanye isano n'imihango yo mu mwuka.
Australian studies: Inyigisho za Australiya zigize igice c'inyigisho z'umuco. Harimo no gusuzuma icyubaka indangamuntu ya Australiya. Aka gace ka bourse gakondo karimo kwiga amateka ya Australiya, societe numuco ariko birashobora kwaguka no kwiga politiki ya Australiya nubukungu. Aka gace ka bourse karimo kandi ubushakashatsi ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka ba Ositaraliya, Aboriginals na Torres Strait Islanders.
Canadian Aboriginal syllabics: Canada syllabic nyandiko, cyangwa syllabics gusa, ni umuryango wa abugidas yaremye James Evans kwandika umubare ndimi kavukire Canada mu Algonquian, Inuit, na (yahoze) imiryango rurimi Athabaskan, bikaba nta mugaragaro nyandiko Sisitemu yaho. Bahabwa agaciro kubwo gutandukana kwinyandiko yikilatini yindimi ziganje no kuborohereza gusoma no kwandika; mubyukuri, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 Cree yari imaze kugera ku gishobora kuba kimwe mu bipimo biri hejuru byo gusoma no kwandika ku isi.
Aboriginal title: Amazina y'Abasangwabutaka ni inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ku gihe gakondo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gufata ubusugire mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'abimukira. Ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana izina ryabasangwabutaka, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka, uburyo bwo kuzimya izina ry'abasangwabutaka, no kubona indishyi mu gihe cyo kuzimya biratandukanye cyane n'ububasha. Inkiko hafi ya zose ziremeranya ko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka udashobora gutandukanywa, kandi ko ushobora gufatwa ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe.
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act: Itegeko ryo gukemura ibibazo bya Alaska kavukire ( ANCSA ) ryashyizweho umukono na perezida Richard Nixon ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1971, icyo gihe kikaba cyari icyo gihe abantu benshi basabye ubutaka mu mateka ya Amerika. ANCSA yari igamije gukemura ibibazo bimaze igihe kinini bijyanye n'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka muri Alaska, ndetse no guteza imbere ubukungu muri Alaska.
Native title in Australia: n Umutwe kavukire ni izina ryahawe inyigisho zisanzwe z'amategeko y'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya, ibyo bikaba byemewe n'amategeko ya Ositaraliya ko Abanyaustraliya kavukire bafite uburenganzira n'inyungu ku butaka bwabo bukomoka ku mategeko gakondo yabo. Igitekerezo cyemera ko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe wasangaga kandi hakomeje kubaho inyungu zemewe n'amategeko ku butaka bufitwe n'abasangwabutaka barokotse kubona nyir'ubutaka nyir'ikamba mu gihe cy'ubusugire. Umutwe kavukire urashobora kubana nuburenganzira bwumutungo utari Aboriginal kandi rimwe na rimwe amatsinda atandukanye y'Abasangwabutaka ashobora gukoresha izina ryabo kavukire kubutaka bumwe.
Aboriginal title in California: Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka muri Californiya bivuga uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka bo muri Californiya. Leta irihariye kuko nta bwoko kavukire bwabanyamerika muri Californiya buvuguruza amasezerano yemejwe na federasiyo. Kubwibyo, ibyifuzo byose byabahinde muri leta byashyizweho na statut ya federasiyo cyangwa itegeko nyobozi.
Aboriginal land title in Canada: Muri Kanada, izina ryabasangwabutaka rifatwa nka sui generis inyungu kubutaka. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka wasobanuwe muri ubu buryo hagamijwe kuwutandukanya n'izindi nyungu bwite, ariko nanone bitewe n'uko ibiranga bidashobora gusobanurwa hifashishijwe amategeko rusange asanzwe y'umutungo utimukanwa, cyangwa amategeko y'umutungo aboneka muri sisitemu y'amategeko y'abasangwabutaka. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwaranze igitekerezo cy'uko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ari sui generis nk'ihame rihuza rishingiye ku bipimo bitandukanye by'iryo zina. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka urasobanurwa neza nkuburenganzira nyabwo cyangwa uburenganzira bwumuntu ku giti cye, nubwo bigaragara ko bisangiye ibiranga uburenganzira nyabwo ndetse n'umuntu ku giti cye. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka bivuga igitekerezo cya sui generis mu butaka bukomoka ku mwuga wihariye no gukoresha ifasi runaka nitsinda ry'abasangwabutaka iryo tsinda rifite amateka gakondo.
Aboriginal title in Louisiana: Urukiko rw'ubujurire rwo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ku cyerekezo cya gatanu rwemeje ko muri Louisiana nta nyito y'abasangwabutaka ihari.
Joint Tribal Council of the Passamaquoddy Tribe v. Morton: Inama ihuriweho n'umuryango wa Passamaquoddy yaburanye na Morton , 528 F.2d 370, cyari icyemezo cy'ingenzi cyerekeye izina ry'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika. Urukiko rw'ubujurire rwo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika rwasabye icyiciro cya mbere rwemeje ko itegeko ridahuza ibitsina ryakoreshwaga mu moko y'Abahinde yemewe na Passamaquoddy na Penobscot, kandi rishyiraho umubano w'icyizere hagati y'ayo moko na guverinoma ihuriweho na leta ko leta ya Maine idashobora guhagarika. .
Aboriginal title in New Mexico: Ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka muri New Mexico burihariye mu mazina y'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika. Amategeko y'Inteko ishinga amategeko yemejwe kugira ngo asobanure iryo zina nyuma y'uko Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika zabonye kariya gace nyuma y'intambara na Mexico (1846-1848. Ariko, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo mu Ntara ya New Mexico ndetse n'Urukiko rw'ikirenga rwa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika rwemeje ko itegeko ridahuza ibitsina ritagabanya abanyamahanga. y'ubutaka bwa Pueblo.
Aboriginal title in New York: Amazina y'Abasangwabutaka i New York yerekeza ku masezerano, kugura, amategeko n'imanza zijyanye n'ubutaka bw'abaturage b'abasangwabutaka bo muri New York, cyane cyane kwamburwa ubwo butaka n'ibikorwa by'Abanyamerika b'Abanyaburayi. Kugura ibihugu by'Uburayi ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka byatangiye mu Buholandi bwaguze Manhattan mu 1626, "ubucuruzi bw'ubutaka buzwi cyane muri bose." ku bikorwa bidahwitse, kugura ubwinshi bwa leta mu bihugu bya Iroquois nta ruhare rwa federasiyo cyangwa byemejwe.
Aboriginal title: Amazina y'Abasangwabutaka ni inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'abasangwabutaka ku gihe gakondo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gufata ubusugire mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'abimukira. Ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana izina ryabasangwabutaka, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka, uburyo bwo kuzimya izina ry'abasangwabutaka, no kubona indishyi mu gihe cyo kuzimya biratandukanye cyane n'ububasha. Inkiko hafi ya zose ziremeranya ko umutwe w'abasangwabutaka udashobora gutandukanywa, kandi ko ushobora gufatwa ku giti cye cyangwa hamwe.
Narragansett land claim: Ikirego cy'ubutaka bwa Narragansett ni kimwe mu manza za mbere z'icyubahiro cy'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika nyuma y'urukiko rw'ikirenga rw'Amerika rwo mu Buhinde Oneida Igihugu cy'i New York aburana n'intara ya Oneida (1974), cyangwa Oneida I. Narragansett yasabye hegitari ibihumbi bike z'ubutaka mu gace ka Charlestown no mu micungararo ya Rholest, no kurwanya itandukanyirizo ritandukanye ryo mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 nko kurenga ku itegeko ridahuza ibitsina, rirega ba nyir'ubutaka ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo.
State v. Elliott: Leta v. Elliott, 616 A.2d 210, ni icyemezo ya gakondo Vermont rw'Ikirenga ko bose igikombe Aboriginal mu Vermont yari bazimije "by uburemere kongera amateka. \" The Vermont rw'Ikirenga akaba yasobanuye ko gakondo mu Elliott rireba kuri Leta yose.
Aboriginal title in the Marshall Court: Urukiko rwa Marshall (1801–1835) rwatanze bimwe mu bitekerezo bya mbere kandi bikomeye by'urukiko rw'ikirenga rwa Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ku bijyanye n'izina ry'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zanditswe n'umucamanza mukuru John Marshall ubwe. Ariko, nta Uretse, mu ijambo w'Urukiko igikombe Aboriginal icyo gihe ni dicta. Umuburanyi umwe gusa w'abasangwabutaka ni bo bigeze bitaba urukiko rwa Marshall, kandi aho, Marshall yanze urwo rubanza kubera ko nta bubasha yari afite.
Aboriginal title in the Taney Court: Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika, ruyobowe n'umucamanza mukuru Roger B. Taney (1836–1864), rwatanze ibyemezo byinshi by'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'izina ry'abasangwabutaka muri Amerika, rushingiye ku bitekerezo by'izina ry'abasangwabutaka mu rukiko rwa Marshall.
Aboriginal title statutes in the Thirteen Colonies: Amategeko y'abasangwabutaka muri Koloni cumi n'itatu yari imwe mu ngingo zingenzi z'amategeko n'inteko zabakoloni muri Koloni cumi n'itatu. Usibye Delaware, buri koloni yashyizeho itegeko ribuza kugura abikorera ku giti cyabo amasambu y'Abanyamerika batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya na leta. Ubusanzwe amakimbirane yakemuwe namategeko yihariye yinyungu cyangwa intambara. Abahinde ba Mohegan baburana na Connecticut (1705–73), urubanza rwatangiye imyaka 70 mu bikorwa byihariye by'abami byafashaga gusa gusezererwa ku mpamvu zidafite ishingiro, ni cyo kizamini cya mbere kandi cyonyine cy'ubucamanza ku mikorere y'abasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal title in the United States: Reta zunzubumwe zamerika nububasha bwa mbere bwemeye inyigisho zisanzwe zamazina yizina ryabasangwabutaka. Amoko kavukire y'Abanyamerika hamwe n'ibihugu bishyiraho izina ry'abasangwabutaka bakoresheje nyirizina, bakomeza, kandi bakoresheje kandi bakitwara mu gihe kirekire. \ Bitandukanye nizindi nkiko, ibikubiye mu mutwe w'abasangwabutaka ntibigarukira gusa ku mateka cyangwa gakondo akoreshwa. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka ntushobora gutandukanywa, usibye guverinoma ihuriweho na leta cyangwa byemejwe na Kongere. Umutwe w'abasangwabutaka uratandukanye nubutaka Abanyamerika kavukire batunze mumafaranga yoroshye kandi bigarurira ikizere cya federasiyo.
Aboriginal title statutes in the Thirteen Colonies: Amategeko y'abasangwabutaka muri Koloni cumi n'itatu yari imwe mu ngingo zingenzi z'amategeko n'inteko zabakoloni muri Koloni cumi n'itatu. Usibye Delaware, buri koloni yashyizeho itegeko ribuza kugura abikorera ku giti cyabo amasambu y'Abanyamerika batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya na leta. Ubusanzwe amakimbirane yakemuwe namategeko yihariye yinyungu cyangwa intambara. Abahinde ba Mohegan baburana na Connecticut (1705–73), urubanza rwatangiye imyaka 70 mu bikorwa byihariye by'abami byafashaga gusa gusezererwa ku mpamvu zidafite ishingiro, ni cyo kizamini cya mbere kandi cyonyine cy'ubucamanza ku mikorere y'abasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal tracker: Abakurikirana Aboriginal banditswe n'abanyaburayi mu myaka yakurikiye ubukoloni bw'Abongereza muri Ositaraliya, kugira ngo bibafashe gushakisha imiterere ya Ositaraliya. Ubuhanga buhebuje bwo gukurikirana abo Banya Aboriginal bo muri Ositaraliya bwagize akamaro ku bimukira mu gushaka ibiryo n'amazi no gushakisha ababuze, gufata abanyamashyamba no "gutatanya \" andi matsinda y'abasangwabutaka.
Traditional knowledge: Ubumenyi gakondo , ubumenyi kavukire nubumenyi bwaho muri rusange bivuga sisitemu yubumenyi yashyizwe mumigenzo yumuco yabaturage, abasangwabutaka, cyangwa abaturage. Ubumenyi gakondo bukubiyemo ubwoko bwubumenyi bujyanye nubuhanga gakondo bwo kubaho, kubyaza, ethnobotany nubumenyi bwibidukikije, ubuvuzi gakondo, kugendagenda mu kirere, ubuhanga bwubukorikori, ethnoastronomie, ikirere, nibindi. Ubu bwoko bwubumenyi, ingenzi kubuzima no kubaho, muri rusange bushingiye ku kwegeranya kwitegereza no ku bidukikije.
Indigenous peoples: Ibisata Abasangwabutaka, kandi yitwa abantu mbere, abantu Aboriginal, abantu kavukire, cyangwa abantu autochthonous, ni n'umuco bitandukanye moko bari kavukire ahantu imaze byakoronijwe gutura n'uwundi mugwi moko. Ijambo abasangwabutaka ryabanje, mubihe bigezweho, ryakoreshejwe nabanyaburayi, bakoresheje mu gutandukanya abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika n'abirabura bazanwe muri Amerika nk'abacakara muri Afurika. Irashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri urwo rwego na Sir Thomas Browne mu 1646, wavuze ati "kandi nubwo mu bice byinshi byayo muri iki gihe hari umubare munini w'Abanyanigoro bakorera munsi ya Espagne , nyamara bose bajyanywe muri Afurika , kuva Columbus yavumburwa. ; kandi ntabwo ari kavukire cyangwa abenegihugu bakwiriye muri Amerika . \ "
Tribal colleges and universities: Muri Amerika, amashuri makuru na za kaminuza ( TCUs ) ni icyiciro cy'amashuri makuru, ibigo bikorera rubanda rugufi byasobanuwe mu itegeko ry'Amashuri Makuru yo mu 1965. Buri wese yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo atere inkunga hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ubufasha bw'amashuri makuru na za kaminuza yo mu 1978 cyangwa Navajo Itegeko rya College College; cyangwa byavuzwe mu ngingo ya 532 yuburinganire mu itegeko ryigisha ubutaka-Impano yo mu 1994.
Dance in Australia: Kubyina imihango bifite umwanya wingenzi mumico y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. Biratandukanye bitewe n'ahantu, ariko imihango myinshi ihuza imbyino, indirimbo, imihango kandi akenshi isobanura imitako nimyambarire. Amashusho atandukanye yumubiri yerekana ubwoko bwimihango ikorwa. Bafite uruhare runini mu mihango yo gushyingirwa, mu burezi bw'abana b'abasangwabutaka, ndetse no kuvuga inkuru n'amateka yo mu kanwa. Ijambo corroboree rikunze gukoreshwa mu kwerekana imbyino z'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, nubwo iri jambo rifite inkomoko mu baturage bo mu karere ka Sydney. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, Abasangwabutaka bakora corroborees kuri ba mukerarugendo. Mu gice ca nyuma c'ikinjana ca 20 hagaragaye ingaruka z'imigenzo y'imbyino y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya hagaragaye iterambere ry'imbyino z'ibitaramo, hamwe n'ikigo cya Aboriginal Centre for Performing Arts (ACPA) gitanga amahugurwa ku mbyino z'iki gihe.
Aboriginal whaling: Kavukire kavukire ni uguhiga balale nabasangwabutaka. Biremewe hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga, ariko mubihugu bimwe bikomeje kuba ikibazo cyamakimbirane. Ubusanzwe bifatwa nkigice cyubukungu butunzwe. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, whale yasimbuwe no kureba balale aho. Iyi ngingo ivuga ku baturage bakomeje guhiga; ibisobanuro birambuye kubaturage barangije imyitozo murashobora kubisanga mumateka ya whale.
Aboriginal-based organized crime (Canada): Icyaha gishingiye ku basangwabutaka (ABOC) ni ijambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku mitwe y'abagizi ba nabi bo muri Kanada bafite umubare munini w'abanyamuryango b'abasangwabutaka. Iyi miryango iboneka cyane cyane mu ntara za prairie, usanga ifite uturere twibanda cyane ku bantu bakomoka muri Aboriginal. ABOC nikibazo gikomeye cyigihugu gikurikiranwa, nkuko byasobanuwe na Service yubutasi ya Canada.
Aboriginal-based organized crime (Canada): Icyaha gishingiye ku basangwabutaka (ABOC) ni ijambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku mitwe y'abagizi ba nabi bo muri Kanada bafite umubare munini w'abanyamuryango b'abasangwabutaka. Iyi miryango iboneka cyane cyane mu ntara za prairie, usanga ifite uturere twibanda cyane ku bantu bakomoka muri Aboriginal. ABOC nikibazo gikomeye cyigihugu gikurikiranwa, nkuko byasobanuwe na Service yubutasi ya Canada.
Australian Aboriginal identity: n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya , rimwe na rimwe bazwi ku izina rya Aboriginality , ni imyumvire yo kwiyita Aboriginal Australiya, cyangwa kumenyekana nabandi bantu. Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni rimwe mu matsinda abiri y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, andi ni Torres Strait Islanders. Habayeho kandi kuganira kubyerekeye ikoreshwa rya \ "Abasangwabutaka \" vs \ "Aboriginal \", cyangwa amazina yihariye yitsinda, nka Murri cyangwa Noongar (abadayimoni), Kaurna cyangwa Yolngu, bishingiye ku rurimi, cyangwa izina ryumuryango. Mubisanzwe ibyifuzo byumuntu (ibibazo) bikoreshwa, niba bizwi.
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910: nItegeko ry'abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru 1910 ryari itegeko ry'inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ositaraliya yepfo, ryemezwa ku ya 7 Ukuboza 1910. Iri tegeko ryashyizeho ishami ry'abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru, kugira ngo rishinzwe kugenzura imibereho myiza y'abasangwabutaka bo mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru, kandi rishyiraho Uwiteka biro by'Umurinzi mukuru w'Abasangwabutaka. Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1911, Intara y'Amajyaruguru yimuwe ivuye muri Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo igenzurwa na guverinoma. Itegeko ryo mu 1910 ryakuweho n'itegeko rya guverinoma y'abasangwabutaka 1918 ku ya 13 Kamena 1918, ariko rikaba ryarashyize mu bikorwa ingingo nyinshi z'iryo tegeko ryo mu 1910. Ivugurura ryo mu 1939 ryasimbuye umwanya w'umuyobozi mukuru hamwe n'umuyobozi w'ibikorwa kavukire.
Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910: nItegeko ry'abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru 1910 ryari itegeko ry'inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ositaraliya yepfo, ryemezwa ku ya 7 Ukuboza 1910. Iri tegeko ryashyizeho ishami ry'abasangwabutaka bo mu majyaruguru, kugira ngo rishinzwe kugenzura imibereho myiza y'abasangwabutaka bo mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru, kandi rishyiraho Uwiteka biro by'Umurinzi mukuru w'Abasangwabutaka. Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1911, Intara y'Amajyaruguru yimuwe ivuye muri Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo igenzurwa na guverinoma. Itegeko ryo mu 1910 ryakuweho n'itegeko rya guverinoma y'abasangwabutaka 1918 ku ya 13 Kamena 1918, ariko rikaba ryarashyize mu bikorwa ingingo nyinshi z'iryo tegeko ryo mu 1910. Ivugurura ryo mu 1939 ryasimbuye umwanya w'umuyobozi mukuru hamwe n'umuyobozi w'ibikorwa kavukire.
Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897: n \ nAbasangwabutaka Kurinda no Kubuza Igurishwa rya Opium Itegeko 1897 , izina rirerire Umushinga w'itegeko ryo gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda no kwita ku baturage b'abasangwabutaka na kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye muri Koloni, no gutanga ingingo zifatika zo kugabanya kugurisha. no Gukwirakwiza Opium , yari Itegeko ry'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Queensland. Nicyo gikoresho cya mbere cyo kugenzura amategeko atandukanye ku basangwabutaka, kandi cyari kibujijwe kuruta amategeko ayo ari yo yose yo muri iki gihe akorera mu bindi bihugu. Yashyize mu bikorwa kandi ishyirwaho ry'abasangwabutaka kugira ngo bagenzure aho batuye n'imigendere y'abaturage.
Aboriginal Australians: Aboriginal Australiya ni abasangwabutaka banyuranye bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya ndetse no mu birwa byinshi byayo, nka Tasmaniya, Ikirwa cya Fraser, Ikirwa cya Hinchinbrook, Ibirwa bya Tiwi, na Groote Eylandt, ariko ukuyemo ibirwa bya Torres Strait. Ijambo Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bivuga Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islanders hamwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ayo matsinda yombi yashyizwe mumutwe urimo gukemurwa. Abirwa ba Torres Strait baratandukanye mu moko no mu muco, nubwo bahanahana umuco na bamwe mu matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka. Ibirwa bya Torres Strait bigizwe ahanini na Queensland ariko bifite leta yihariye.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Aboriginal Advancement League: Ishyirahamwe ry'Aboriginal Advancement League ryashinzwe mu 1957 nk'umuryango w'abaterankunga ba Victorian Aborigines ( VAAL ), n'umuryango wa kera w'uburenganzira bwa Aboriginal muri Ositaraliya ukomeje gukora. Amashyirahamwe yabanjirije aya yari Ligue y'Abasangwabutaka ya Ositarariya na Komite y'Abasangwabutaka , kandi yahoze yitwa Aborigines Advancement League (Victoria) , na Ligue y'Iterambere ry'Abasangwabutaka .
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Aboriginella: Aboriginella ni ubwoko bwazimye bwa brachiopods buboneka muri Aksayan kugera muri Batyrbaian muri Kazakisitani. Byari bigendanwa byimikorere infaunal guhagarika ibiryo.
Aborigine: Abasangwabutaka , Aborigine cyangwa Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka, amoko akaba umwimerere cyangwa kera uzwi cyane mubatuye ibishyimbo Urutonde rwabasangwabutaka, harimo: Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya \ n Indangamuntu y'Abanyaustraliya \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, bazwi kandi ku Banyakanada b'Abasangwabutaka \ n Orang Asli cyangwa Abasangwabutaka \ n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Tayiwani, bahoze ari Abasangwabutaka \ n Aborigine (mythology), mu migani y'Abaroma
Aborigines (mythology): Abasangwabutaka mu migani y'Abaroma ni abantu ba kera cyane batuye mu Butaliyani rwagati, bahujwe n'amateka y'ibyamamare na Aineya, Ikilatini na Evander. Bagombaga kuba baramanutse bava munzu yabo yimisozi hafi ya Reate kuri Latium, aho birukanye Sicels hanyuma baza gutura nka Latini munsi yumwami Latine.
Aborigines Act 1969: n \ n \ n Itegeko ry'Abasangwabutaka 1969 ryari itegeko rishya rya New South Wales ryakuyeho itegeko rirengera Aborigines 1909 , rikuraho akanama gashinzwe imibereho myiza y'Abasangwabutaka, ririmo abana b'abasangwabutaka hakurikijwe amategeko y'imibereho nk'abana b'abasangwabutaka, rihindura Umugereka w'itegeko rigenga imipaka y'imishahara. 1957 kandi ashyiraho izindi ngingo kubasangwabutaka bo muri leta ya New South Wales, Ositaraliya. Iri tegeko ryatangiye gukurikizwa kuva 1969-1983 kugeza rivanyweho n'itegeko ry'uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bwa Aboriginal 1983 .