Abstract model theory

Abstract algebraic logic: Muri logique y'imibare, abstract ya algebraic logic ni ubushakashatsi bwerekeye algebraisation ya sisitemu yo kugabanya ibintu nkikuramo rya algebra izwi cyane ya Lindenbaum - Tarski, nuburyo algebrasi yavuyemo ifitanye isano na sisitemu yumvikana.
Algebraic variety: Ubwoko bwa Algebraic nibintu byingenzi byo kwiga muri algebraic geometrie, igice cyimibare. Mubisanzwe, ubwoko bwa algebraic busobanurwa nkurutonde rwibisubizo bya sisitemu yo kugereranya polinomial hejuru yimibare nyayo cyangwa igoye. Ibisobanuro bigezweho bihuza iki gitekerezo muburyo butandukanye, mugihe ugerageza kubungabunga ubushishozi bwa geometrike inyuma yubusobanuro bwumwimerere.
Abstract algebra: Muri algebra, nigice kinini cyimibare, algebra abstract ni ubushakashatsi bwimiterere ya algebraic. Imiterere ya algebraic irimo amatsinda, impeta, imirima, module, umwanya wa vector, latike, na algebras. Ijambo abstract algebra ryahimbwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 kugira ngo ritandukanye iki gice cy'ubushakashatsi n'ibindi bice bya algebra.
Analytic function: Mu mibare, imikorere yisesengura nigikorwa gitangwa mugace hamwe nimbaraga zikurikirana. Hariho ibikorwa byombi byo gusesengura nibikorwa bigoye byo gusesengura . Imikorere ya buri bwoko iratandukanye cyane, ariko ibikorwa bigoye byo gusesengura byerekana imitungo idafashe mubikorwa byukuri byo gusesengura. Imikorere irasesengura niba kandi gusa niba seriveri yayo ya Taylor hafi x 0 ihurira kumikorere muri quartier imwe kuri buri x 0 murwego rwayo.
Abstract analytic number theory: Umubare wuzuye wo gusesengura imibare nishami ryimibare ifata ibitekerezo nubuhanga bwa numero ya kera yisesengura yimibare ikanabikoresha muburyo butandukanye bwimibare. Umubare wambere wambere theorem ikora nkurugero rwa prototypical, kandi kwibandaho ni ibisubizo bitagabanijwe byo gukwirakwiza ibisubizo. Igitekerezo cyahimbwe kandi gitezwa imbere nabahanga mu mibare nka John Knopfmacher na Arne Beurling mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Abstract and Applied Analysis: Isesengura rikoreshwa kandi risesenguye ni urungano rwasubiwemo imibare yikinyamakuru gikubiyemo imirongo yisesengura ridasubirwaho kandi ryashyizwe mubikorwa hamwe nuburyo gakondo bwo gusesengura nkumurongo utari umurongo usanzwe kandi utandukanijwe usanzwe utandukanijwe, ibitekerezo byiza, hamwe nigitekerezo cyo kugenzura. Byanditswe na Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Yashinzwe na Athanassios G. Kartsatos mu 1996, akaba yari umwanditsi mukuru kugeza mu 2005. Martin Bohner yari umwanditsi mukuru kuva mu 2006 kugeza mu 2011 ubwo ikinyamakuru cyahindurwaga ku cyitegererezo cyasangiwe n'ibinyamakuru byose bya Hindawi byo kutagira umwanditsi. -muyobozi, hamwe nibyemezo byubwanditsi byafashwe nabagize inama y'ubutegetsi. Ikinyamakuru cyahuye n'urutonde rw'ikinyamakuru Citation Raporo , ku buryo budasanzwe.
Citation index: Indangantego yerekana ni ubwoko bwa bibliografiya, indangagaciro yerekana hagati y'ibitabo, bituma uyikoresha ashobora kumenya byoroshye inyandiko zanyuma zerekana inyandiko zabanje. Uburyo bwo kwerekana ibimenyetso buboneka bwa mbere mu kinyejana cya 12 ibitabo by'idini by'igiheburayo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemewe n'amategeko tubisanga mu kinyejana cya 18 kandi byamamaye cyane kubitabo nka Shepard's Citations (1873). Mu 1960, Ikigo cya Eugene Garfield gishinzwe amakuru y'ubumenyi (ISI) cyerekanye icyerekezo cya mbere cyerekana impapuro zasohotse mu binyamakuru by'amasomo, ubanza icyerekezo cya siyansi (SCI), hanyuma nyuma y'ubumenyi bw'imibereho (SSCI) hamwe n'ubuhanzi n'ubumenyamuntu. (AHCI). Iyerekana rya mbere ryakozwe ryakozwe na CiteSeer mu 1997 kandi ryarahawe patenti. Andi masoko yamakuru nkaya arimo Google Scholar, Scopus ya Elsevier, hamwe na iCite yigihugu yigihugu yubuzima .
Abstract and concrete: Muri metafizika, itandukaniro riri hagati yubusobanuro na beto bivuga gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bwibintu. Abafilozofe benshi bemeza ko iri tandukaniro rifite ubusobanuro bwibanze. Ingero z'ibintu bifatika zirimo ibimera, abantu n'imibumbe mugihe ibintu nkimibare, amaseti n'ibitekerezo ari ibintu bidafatika . Nta bwumvikane rusange bujyanye nibimenyetso biranga gutomora no gukuramo. Ibyifuzo bizwi cyane harimo gusobanura gutandukanya ukurikije itandukaniro riri hagati yo (1) kubaho imbere cyangwa hanze yumwanya-umwanya, (2) ufite impamvu ningaruka cyangwa ntabyo, (3) kugira kubaho cyangwa bikenewe, (4) kuba umwihariko cyangwa rusange kandi (5) kuba mubice byumubiri cyangwa mubitekerezo cyangwa ntanubwo. Nuburyo butandukanye bwibitekerezo, hariho amasezerano yagutse yerekeranye nibintu byinshi byerekeranye nibidafatika cyangwa bifatika. Mubisobanuro byinshi rero, ibi bitekerezo byose byemeranya ko, kurugero, ibimera nibintu bifatika mugihe imibare ari ibintu bidafatika.
Non-narrative film: Filime idasobanura ni ubwiza bwa firime ya cinematire itavuga, cyangwa ngo ihuze "ibyabaye, byaba ukuri cyangwa ibitekerezo \". Mubisanzwe ni uburyo bwa firime yubuhanzi cyangwa firime yubushakashatsi, ntabwo ikorerwa imyidagaduro rusange.
Apeirogon: Muri geometrie, apeirogon cyangwa polygon itagira umupaka ni polygon rusange hamwe numubare utabarika wimpande. Apeirogons nikibazo cyibice bibiri bya polytopi itagira umupaka.
Apeirotope: Apeirotope cyangwa polytope itagira ingano ni polytope rusange ifite ibice byinshi bitagira akagero.
Abstract art: Ubuhanzi budasubirwaho bukoresha imvugo igaragara yimiterere, imiterere, ibara numurongo kugirango uhimbe ibihimbano bishobora kubaho hamwe nurwego rwubwigenge buturutse kumashusho yisi. Ubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba bwari bwarabaye, kuva muri Renaissance kugeza hagati yikinyejana cya 19, bushimangirwa na logique yo kureba no kugerageza kubyara kwibeshya kwukuri kugaragara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 abahanzi benshi bumvise ko bakeneye guhanga ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhanzi bukubiyemo impinduka zifatika zibaho mu ikoranabuhanga, siyanse na filozofiya. Inkomoko abahanzi ku giti cyabo bakuyemo ibitekerezo byabo byari bitandukanye, kandi byagaragazaga ko abantu bashishikajwe n'imibereho n'ubwenge mubice byose byumuco wiburengerazuba icyo gihe.
Abstract art: Ubuhanzi budasubirwaho bukoresha imvugo igaragara yimiterere, imiterere, ibara numurongo kugirango uhimbe ibihimbano bishobora kubaho hamwe nurwego rwubwigenge buturutse kumashusho yisi. Ubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba bwari bwarabaye, kuva muri Renaissance kugeza hagati yikinyejana cya 19, bushimangirwa na logique yo kureba no kugerageza kubyara kwibeshya kwukuri kugaragara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 abahanzi benshi bumvise ko bakeneye guhanga ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhanzi bukubiyemo impinduka zifatika zibaho mu ikoranabuhanga, siyanse na filozofiya. Inkomoko abahanzi ku giti cyabo bakuyemo ibitekerezo byabo byari bitandukanye, kandi byagaragazaga ko abantu bashishikajwe n'imibereho n'ubwenge mubice byose byumuco wiburengerazuba icyo gihe.
Abstract art: Ubuhanzi budasubirwaho bukoresha imvugo igaragara yimiterere, imiterere, ibara numurongo kugirango uhimbe ibihimbano bishobora kubaho hamwe nurwego rwubwigenge buturutse kumashusho yisi. Ubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba bwari bwarabaye, kuva muri Renaissance kugeza hagati yikinyejana cya 19, bushimangirwa na logique yo kureba no kugerageza kubyara kwibeshya kwukuri kugaragara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 abahanzi benshi bumvise ko bakeneye guhanga ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhanzi bukubiyemo impinduka zifatika zibaho mu ikoranabuhanga, siyanse na filozofiya. Inkomoko abahanzi ku giti cyabo bakuyemo ibitekerezo byabo byari bitandukanye, kandi byagaragazaga ko abantu bashishikajwe n'imibereho n'ubwenge mubice byose byumuco wiburengerazuba icyo gihe.
Property (philosophy): Muri logique na filozofiya, umutungo ni ikintu kiranga ikintu; ikintu gitukura bivugwa ko gifite umutungo wumutuku. Umutungo urashobora gufatwa nkuburyo bwikintu muburyo bwacyo, bushobora gutunga indi mitungo. Umutungo, ariko, utandukanye nibintu byihariye kuburyo ushobora guhita uhita, kandi akenshi mubintu birenze kimwe. Iratandukanye nigitekerezo cyumvikana / imibare yicyiciro idafite igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kwaguka, no mubitekerezo bya filozofiya y'ibyiciro kuko umutungo ufatwa nkaho utandukanye nibintu bifite. Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibigo bitandukanye bishobora kuba muburyo bumwe bifite imitungo imwe nimwe shingiro ryikibazo cyisi yose.
Abstraction: Gukuramo muburyo bwibanze ni inzira yibitekerezo aho amategeko rusange nibisobanuro bikomoka kumikoreshereze no gutondekanya ingero zihariye, ibisobanuro nyabyo, amahame yambere, cyangwa ubundi buryo.
Class (computer programming): Mubikorwa-bigamije gahunda, icyiciro ni porogaramu yagutse-code-inyandikorugero yo kurema ibintu, itanga indangagaciro zambere kuri leta no gushyira mubikorwa imyitwarire. Mu ndimi nyinshi, izina ryurwego rikoreshwa nkizina ryishuri, izina ryumwubatsi usanzwe wubaka, kandi nkubwoko bwibintu byakozwe mugutangiza icyiciro; ibi bitekerezo bitandukanye birahujwe byoroshye. Nubwo, kugeza aho bivuguruzanya, umuntu yavuga ko aricyo kintu kiranga ururimi kubera imiterere yacyo ya polimorphique nimpamvu izo ndimi zikomeye, zifite imbaraga kandi zihuza nogukoresha ugereranije nindimi zidafite polymorphism zihari. Rero barashobora kwerekana sisitemu ya dinamike byoroshye.
FUTON bias: Kubogama kwa FUTON ni ubwoko bwo gutangaza kubogama aho intiti zikunda kuvuga ibinyamakuru byamasomo byugururiwe - ni ukuvuga ibinyamakuru bituma inyandiko zabo zose ziboneka kuri interineti nta kiguzi - ukunda ibitabo byishyurwa.
Abstract strategy game: Umukino wuburyo budasubirwaho ni umukino wingamba aho insanganyamatsiko itari ingenzi kuburambe bwo gukina. Imikino myinshi yumukino wambere wisi, harimo chess, Genda, cheque nubushushanyo, xiangqi, shogi, Reversi, morris yabagabo icyenda, nibindi byinshi bya mancala, bihuye muriki cyiciro, kimwe nibindi bisubirwamo bigezweho nka Dameo, Hive, na YINSH .
Category (mathematics): Mu mibare, icyiciro ni icyegeranyo cy "ibintu \" bihujwe na \ "imyambi \". Icyiciro gifite ibintu bibiri by'ibanze: ubushobozi bwo guhimba imyambi ifatanije no kubaho kwumwirondoro umwambi kuri buri kintu. Urugero rworoshye nicyiciro cyibisobanuro, ibintu byashizweho nimyambi ni imikorere.
Abstract cell complex: Mu mibare, ingirabuzimafatizo idasobanutse ni abstract igizwe na topologiya ya Alexandrov aho umubare utari mubi wuzuye wuzuye witwa dimension uhabwa buri ngingo. Uru ruganda rwitwa "abstract" kubera ko ingingo zarwo, zitwa "selile", ntabwo ari agace k'umwanya wa Hausdorff nkuko bimeze muri Euclidean na CW. Ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye zifite uruhare runini mu gusesengura amashusho no gushushanya mudasobwa.
Abstract cell complex: Mu mibare, ingirabuzimafatizo idasobanutse ni abstract igizwe na topologiya ya Alexandrov aho umubare utari mubi wuzuye wuzuye witwa dimension uhabwa buri ngingo. Uru ruganda rwitwa "abstract" kubera ko ingingo zarwo, zitwa "selile", ntabwo ari agace k'umwanya wa Hausdorff nkuko bimeze muri Euclidean na CW. Ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye zifite uruhare runini mu gusesengura amashusho no gushushanya mudasobwa.
Abstract type: Mu ndimi za porogaramu, ubwoko budasobanutse nubwoko muburyo bwa nominal sisitemu idashobora guhita ihita; ubwoko budasobanutse - bushobora guhita - bwitwa ubwoko bufatika . Buri rugero rwubwoko butagaragara ni urugero rwibintu bimwe bifatika. Ubwoko bukuramo buzwi kandi nkubwoko bubaho .
Closure (mathematics): Mu mibare, iseti ifunze munsi yimikorere niba ikora icyo gikorwa kubanyamuryango ba buri gihe itanga umunyamuryango wurwo rutonde. Kurugero, integer nziza zifunze hiyongereyeho, ariko ntabwo ziri munsi yo gukuramo: 1 - 2 ntabwo ari integer nziza nubwo 1 na 2 zombi ari integer nziza. Urundi rugero ni urutonde rurimo zeru gusa, rufunze hiyongereyeho, gukuramo no kugwira.
Closure (mathematics): Mu mibare, iseti ifunze munsi yimikorere niba ikora icyo gikorwa kubanyamuryango ba buri gihe itanga umunyamuryango wurwo rutonde. Kurugero, integer nziza zifunze hiyongereyeho, ariko ntabwo ziri munsi yo gukuramo: 1 - 2 ntabwo ari integer nziza nubwo 1 na 2 zombi ari integer nziza. Urundi rugero ni urutonde rurimo zeru gusa, rufunze hiyongereyeho, gukuramo no kugwira.
Abstract comics: Ibisobanuro bisekeje ni urwenya ruhuza ibitekerezo byo gukuramo amashusho hamwe nubukomezi bwa gakondo bwikinamico.
Abstract machine: Imashini idasobanutse, nanone yitwa mudasobwa idasobanutse, ni mudasobwa yerekana ikoreshwa mugusobanura icyitegererezo cyo kubara. Gukuramo uburyo bwo kubara bikoreshwa mubumenyi bwa mudasobwa hamwe na mudasobwa yubuhanga bwa mudasobwa kandi mubisanzwe bifata igihe cyihariye.
Concept: Ibitekerezo bisobanurwa nkibitekerezo bidafatika cyangwa ibitekerezo rusange bibaho mubitekerezo, mumvugo, cyangwa mubitekerezo. Basobanukiwe nkibice byubaka byubaka byibitekerezo n'imyizerere.n Bafite uruhare runini mubice byose byo kumenya. Nkibyo, ibitekerezo byizwe nubumenyi butandukanye, nkubumenyi bwindimi, psychologiya, na filozofiya, kandi izo disipuline zishishikajwe nuburyo bwumvikana na psychologiya bwibitekerezo, nuburyo bishyirwa hamwe kugirango bibe ibitekerezo ninteruro. Kwiga ibitekerezo byabaye nk'ibendera ryingenzi ryuburyo bugaragara butandukanye bwitwa siyanse yubumenyi.
Abstraction: Gukuramo muburyo bwibanze ni inzira yibitekerezo aho amategeko rusange nibisobanuro bikomoka kumikoreshereze no gutondekanya ingero zihariye, ibisobanuro nyabyo, amahame yambere, cyangwa ubundi buryo.
Abstract data type: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse ( ADT ) ni imibare yimibare yubwoko bwamakuru. Ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse busobanurwa nimyitwarire (semantique) uhereye kumukoresha , yamakuru, cyane cyane mubijyanye nagaciro gashoboka, ibikorwa bishoboka kumibare yubwoko, nimyitwarire yibi bikorwa. Iyi mibare yimibare itandukanye namakuru yimiterere, aribintu bifatika byerekana amakuru, kandi niyo ngingo yo kubishyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ari umukoresha.
Abstract data type: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse ( ADT ) ni imibare yimibare yubwoko bwamakuru. Ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse busobanurwa nimyitwarire (semantique) uhereye kumukoresha , yamakuru, cyane cyane mubijyanye nagaciro gashoboka, ibikorwa bishoboka kumibare yubwoko, nimyitwarire yibi bikorwa. Iyi mibare yimibare itandukanye namakuru yimiterere, aribintu bifatika byerekana amakuru, kandi niyo ngingo yo kubishyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ari umukoresha.
Abstract data type: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse ( ADT ) ni imibare yimibare yubwoko bwamakuru. Ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse busobanurwa nimyitwarire (semantique) uhereye kumukoresha , yamakuru, cyane cyane mubijyanye nagaciro gashoboka, ibikorwa bishoboka kumibare yubwoko, nimyitwarire yibi bikorwa. Iyi mibare yimibare itandukanye namakuru yimiterere, aribintu bifatika byerekana amakuru, kandi niyo ngingo yo kubishyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ari umukoresha.
Abstract data type: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse ( ADT ) ni imibare yimibare yubwoko bwamakuru. Ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse busobanurwa nimyitwarire (semantique) uhereye kumukoresha , yamakuru, cyane cyane mubijyanye nagaciro gashoboka, ibikorwa bishoboka kumibare yubwoko, nimyitwarire yibi bikorwa. Iyi mibare yimibare itandukanye namakuru yimiterere, aribintu bifatika byerekana amakuru, kandi niyo ngingo yo kubishyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ari umukoresha.
Abstract data type: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse ( ADT ) ni imibare yimibare yubwoko bwamakuru. Ubwoko bwamakuru adasobanutse busobanurwa nimyitwarire (semantique) uhereye kumukoresha , yamakuru, cyane cyane mubijyanye nagaciro gashoboka, ibikorwa bishoboka kumibare yubwoko, nimyitwarire yibi bikorwa. Iyi mibare yimibare itandukanye namakuru yimiterere, aribintu bifatika byerekana amakuru, kandi niyo ngingo yo kubishyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ari umukoresha.
Abstract art: Ubuhanzi budasubirwaho bukoresha imvugo igaragara yimiterere, imiterere, ibara numurongo kugirango uhimbe ibihimbano bishobora kubaho hamwe nurwego rwubwigenge buturutse kumashusho yisi. Ubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba bwari bwarabaye, kuva muri Renaissance kugeza hagati yikinyejana cya 19, bushimangirwa na logique yo kureba no kugerageza kubyara kwibeshya kwukuri kugaragara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 abahanzi benshi bumvise ko bakeneye guhanga ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhanzi bukubiyemo impinduka zifatika zibaho mu ikoranabuhanga, siyanse na filozofiya. Inkomoko abahanzi ku giti cyabo bakuyemo ibitekerezo byabo byari bitandukanye, kandi byagaragazaga ko abantu bashishikajwe n'imibereho n'ubwenge mubice byose byumuco wiburengerazuba icyo gihe.
Abstract and concrete: Muri metafizika, itandukaniro riri hagati yubusobanuro na beto bivuga gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bwibintu. Abafilozofe benshi bemeza ko iri tandukaniro rifite ubusobanuro bwibanze. Ingero z'ibintu bifatika zirimo ibimera, abantu n'imibumbe mugihe ibintu nkimibare, amaseti n'ibitekerezo ari ibintu bidafatika . Nta bwumvikane rusange bujyanye nibimenyetso biranga gutomora no gukuramo. Ibyifuzo bizwi cyane harimo gusobanura gutandukanya ukurikije itandukaniro riri hagati yo (1) kubaho imbere cyangwa hanze yumwanya-umwanya, (2) ufite impamvu ningaruka cyangwa ntabyo, (3) kugira kubaho cyangwa bikenewe, (4) kuba umwihariko cyangwa rusange kandi (5) kuba mubice byumubiri cyangwa mubitekerezo cyangwa ntanubwo. Nuburyo butandukanye bwibitekerezo, hariho amasezerano yagutse yerekeranye nibintu byinshi byerekeranye nibidafatika cyangwa bifatika. Mubisobanuro byinshi rero, ibi bitekerezo byose byemeranya ko, kurugero, ibimera nibintu bifatika mugihe imibare ari ibintu bidafatika.
Abstract differential equation: Mu mibare, ikigereranyo gitandukanya itandukaniro ni itandukaniro ritandukanye aho imikorere itazwi n'ibiyikomokaho bifata indangagaciro mumwanya rusange rusange. Ikigereranyo cyubwoko nkubu kivuka eg mukwiga kuringaniza ibice bitandukanijwe: niba kuri kimwe mubihinduka gihabwa umwanya wihariye nabandi bose bagashyirwa hamwe, ikigereranyo gisanzwe "gitandukanya \" kubijyanye nimpinduka yashyizwe mubimenyetso ni. Ongeraho imipaka imipaka irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwo gusuzuma ibisubizo mubikorwa bimwe byoroshye.
Abstract differential geometry: Inyito abstract yakunze gukoreshwa kuri geometrie itandukanye mbere, ariko abstract itandukanya geometrie (ADG) yiyi ngingo nuburyo bwa geometrie itandukanye idafite igitekerezo cyo kubara cyoroshye, cyakozwe na Anastasios Mallios na Ioannis Raptis kuva 1998.
List of dynamical systems and differential equations topics: Uru ni urutonde rwa sisitemu yingirakamaro hamwe ningingo zingana zingana, kurupapuro rwa Wikipedia. Reba kandi urutonde rwibice bitandukanye byo gutandukanya ibice, urutonde rwibigereranyo.
Abstract economy: Mu bukungu bwubukungu, ubukungu budasubirwaho nicyitegererezo gisanzwe cyerekana uburyo busanzwe bwubukungu bwivunjisha muri micréconomie, hamwe nicyitegererezo cyumukino mubitekerezo byimikino. Kuringaniza mubukungu budasobanutse bihuza uburinganire bwa Walrasian muri micréconomie, hamwe na Nash iringaniza mumikino-teoriya.
Abstract elementary class: Mubyitegererezo by'icyitegererezo, disipuline muri logique y'imibare, icyiciro cy'ibanze kidafatika , cyangwa AEC muri make, ni icyiciro cy'icyitegererezo gifite gahunda igice kimwe gisa n'isano y'imiterere y'ibanze y'ibanze mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'icyitegererezo. Bamenyekanye na Saharon Shelah.
Embedding: Mu mibare, gushiramo ni urugero rumwe rwimibare yimibare ikubiyemo urundi rugero, nkitsinda ari itsinda rito.
The Sociological Imagination: Igitabo cyitwa Sociological Imagination nigitabo cyo mu 1959 cyanditswe numunyamerika w'umunyamerika C. Wright Mills cyanditswe n'itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Oxford. Muri yo, ateza imbere igitekerezo cyo gutekereza kuri sociologie, uburyo bushobora kumvikana isano iri hagati yumuntu na societe.
Abstract and concrete: Muri metafizika, itandukaniro riri hagati yubusobanuro na beto bivuga gutandukanya ubwoko bubiri bwibintu. Abafilozofe benshi bemeza ko iri tandukaniro rifite ubusobanuro bwibanze. Ingero z'ibintu bifatika zirimo ibimera, abantu n'imibumbe mugihe ibintu nkimibare, amaseti n'ibitekerezo ari ibintu bidafatika . Nta bwumvikane rusange bujyanye nibimenyetso biranga gutomora no gukuramo. Ibyifuzo bizwi cyane harimo gusobanura gutandukanya ukurikije itandukaniro riri hagati yo (1) kubaho imbere cyangwa hanze yumwanya-umwanya, (2) ufite impamvu ningaruka cyangwa ntabyo, (3) kugira kubaho cyangwa bikenewe, (4) kuba umwihariko cyangwa rusange kandi (5) kuba mubice byumubiri cyangwa mubitekerezo cyangwa ntanubwo. Nuburyo butandukanye bwibitekerezo, hariho amasezerano yagutse yerekeranye nibintu byinshi byerekeranye nibidafatika cyangwa bifatika. Mubisobanuro byinshi rero, ibi bitekerezo byose byemeranya ko, kurugero, ibimera nibintu bifatika mugihe imibare ari ibintu bidafatika.
Existentialism: Exististicism n (cyangwa) nuburyo bwiperereza rya filozofiya ishakisha ikibazo cyimibereho yabantu kandi ishingiye kuburambe bwo gutekereza, kumva, no gukora. Kubireba abaho, intangiriro yumuntu ku giti cye yiswe \ "angst iriho, \" kumva ubwoba, gutandukana, urujijo, cyangwa guhangayika imbere yisi isa nkaho idafite icyo ivuze cyangwa idasobanutse. Abatekereza babaho bakunze gushakisha ibibazo bijyanye nubusobanuro, intego, nagaciro kokubaho kwabantu.
Abstract expressionism: Ibisobanuro byerekana ni inyandiko - Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose y'ubuhanzi mu gushushanya Abanyamerika, yatejwe imbere mu mujyi wa New York mu myaka ya za 40. Nibwo bwambere umuryango wabanyamerika wageze ku ntera mpuzamahanga no gushyira New York hagati yisi yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba, uruhare rwahoze rwuzuzwa na Paris. Nubwo ijambo "abstract expressionism \" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buhanzi bw'Abanyamerika mu 1946 n'umuntu wanenze ubuhanzi Robert Coates, ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Budage mu 1919 mu kinyamakuru Der Sturm , ku byerekeye Expressionism y'Abadage. Muri Amerika, Alfred Barr niwe wambere wakoresheje iri jambo mu 1929 bijyanye nibikorwa byakozwe na Wassily Kandinsky.
Abstract expressionism: Ibisobanuro byerekana ni inyandiko - Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose y'ubuhanzi mu gushushanya Abanyamerika, yatejwe imbere mu mujyi wa New York mu myaka ya za 40. Nibwo bwambere umuryango wabanyamerika wageze ku ntera mpuzamahanga no gushyira New York hagati yisi yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba, uruhare rwahoze rwuzuzwa na Paris. Nubwo ijambo "abstract expressionism \" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buhanzi bw'Abanyamerika mu 1946 n'umuntu wanenze ubuhanzi Robert Coates, ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Budage mu 1919 mu kinyamakuru Der Sturm , ku byerekeye Expressionism y'Abadage. Muri Amerika, Alfred Barr niwe wambere wakoresheje iri jambo mu 1929 bijyanye nibikorwa byakozwe na Wassily Kandinsky.
Abstract expressionism: Ibisobanuro byerekana ni inyandiko - Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose y'ubuhanzi mu gushushanya Abanyamerika, yatejwe imbere mu mujyi wa New York mu myaka ya za 40. Nibwo bwambere umuryango wabanyamerika wageze ku ntera mpuzamahanga no gushyira New York hagati yisi yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba, uruhare rwahoze rwuzuzwa na Paris. Nubwo ijambo "abstract expressionism \" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buhanzi bw'Abanyamerika mu 1946 n'umuntu wanenze ubuhanzi Robert Coates, ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Budage mu 1919 mu kinyamakuru Der Sturm , ku byerekeye Expressionism y'Abadage. Muri Amerika, Alfred Barr niwe wambere wakoresheje iri jambo mu 1929 bijyanye nibikorwa byakozwe na Wassily Kandinsky.
Abstract expressionism: Ibisobanuro byerekana ni inyandiko - Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose y'ubuhanzi mu gushushanya Abanyamerika, yatejwe imbere mu mujyi wa New York mu myaka ya za 40. Nibwo bwambere umuryango wabanyamerika wageze ku ntera mpuzamahanga no gushyira New York hagati yisi yubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba, uruhare rwahoze rwuzuzwa na Paris. Nubwo ijambo "abstract expressionism \" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buhanzi bw'Abanyamerika mu 1946 n'umuntu wanenze ubuhanzi Robert Coates, ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Budage mu 1919 mu kinyamakuru Der Sturm , ku byerekeye Expressionism y'Abadage. Muri Amerika, Alfred Barr niwe wambere wakoresheje iri jambo mu 1929 bijyanye nibikorwa byakozwe na Wassily Kandinsky.
Abstract factory pattern: Igishushanyo mbonera cyuruganda rutanga uburyo bwo gukusanya itsinda ryinganda kugiti cyabo gifite insanganyamatsiko imwe itagaragaje ibyiciro byabo bifatika. Mugukoresha bisanzwe, software yabakiriya ikora ishyirwa mubikorwa ryuruganda rudasubirwaho hanyuma igakoresha interineti rusange yuruganda kugirango ikore ibintu bifatika bigize insanganyamatsiko. Umukiriya ntazi ibintu bifatika biva muri buri ruganda rwimbere, kubera ko rukoresha gusa intera rusange yibicuruzwa byabo. Ubu buryo butandukanya amakuru arambuye yo gushyira mubikorwa ibintu hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa kandi bishingiye kubigize ibintu, nkuko kurema ibintu bishyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bugaragara muruganda.
Abstract factory pattern: Igishushanyo mbonera cyuruganda rutanga uburyo bwo gukusanya itsinda ryinganda kugiti cyabo gifite insanganyamatsiko imwe itagaragaje ibyiciro byabo bifatika. Mugukoresha bisanzwe, software yabakiriya ikora ishyirwa mubikorwa ryuruganda rudasubirwaho hanyuma igakoresha interineti rusange yuruganda kugirango ikore ibintu bifatika bigize insanganyamatsiko. Umukiriya ntazi ibintu bifatika biva muri buri ruganda rwimbere, kubera ko rukoresha gusa intera rusange yibicuruzwa byabo. Ubu buryo butandukanya amakuru arambuye yo gushyira mubikorwa ibintu hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa kandi bishingiye kubigize ibintu, nkuko kurema ibintu bishyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bugaragara muruganda.
Abstract factory pattern: Igishushanyo mbonera cyuruganda rutanga uburyo bwo gukusanya itsinda ryinganda kugiti cyabo gifite insanganyamatsiko imwe itagaragaje ibyiciro byabo bifatika. Mugukoresha bisanzwe, software yabakiriya ikora ishyirwa mubikorwa ryuruganda rudasubirwaho hanyuma igakoresha interineti rusange yuruganda kugirango ikore ibintu bifatika bigize insanganyamatsiko. Umukiriya ntazi ibintu bifatika biva muri buri ruganda rwimbere, kubera ko rukoresha gusa intera rusange yibicuruzwa byabo. Ubu buryo butandukanya amakuru arambuye yo gushyira mubikorwa ibintu hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa kandi bishingiye kubigize ibintu, nkuko kurema ibintu bishyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bugaragara muruganda.
Abstract family of acceptors: Umuryango udafatika w'abemera (AFA) ni itsinda ry'abemera muri rusange. Muburyo butemewe, uwakiriye ni igikoresho gifite igenzura rya leta igarukira, umubare utagira ingano wibimenyetso byinjira, hamwe nububiko bwimbere hamwe nibikorwa byo gusoma no kwandika. Buriwakiriye afite leta yo gutangira hamwe nurwego rwo kwakira leta. Igikoresho gisoma urukurikirane rwibimenyetso, ruva muri leta rujya kuri buri kimenyetso cyinjiza. Niba igikoresho kirangiye muburyo bwemewe, igikoresho bivugwa ko cyemera urukurikirane rwibimenyetso. Umuryango wabakira ni urutonde rwabemera bafite ubwoko bumwe bwububiko bwimbere. Ubushakashatsi bwa AFA buri mubice bya AFL.
Abstract family of languages: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, cyane cyane mubijyanye n'imyumvire y'ururimi rusanzwe, nan abstract yumuryango windimi nigitekerezo cyimibare idasobanutse yerekana ibintu rusange bihuriweho nindimi zisanzwe, indimi zidafite imiterere nindimi zitabarika, hamwe nindi miryango yindimi zemewe zize mubuvanganzo bwa siyansi.
Non-narrative film: Filime idasobanura ni ubwiza bwa firime ya cinematire itavuga, cyangwa ngo ihuze "ibyabaye, byaba ukuri cyangwa ibitekerezo \". Mubisanzwe ni uburyo bwa firime yubuhanzi cyangwa firime yubushakashatsi, ntabwo ikorerwa imyidagaduro rusange.
Non-narrative film: Filime idasobanura ni ubwiza bwa firime ya cinematire itavuga, cyangwa ngo ihuze "ibyabaye, byaba ukuri cyangwa ibitekerezo \". Mubisanzwe ni uburyo bwa firime yubuhanzi cyangwa firime yubushakashatsi, ntabwo ikorerwa imyidagaduro rusange.
Abstract: Ibisobanuro birashobora kwerekeza kuri: Ibisobanuro (alubumu) , alubumu 1962 ya Joe Harriott n Abstract (amategeko), incamake yinyandiko yemewe Ibisobanuro (incamake), mugutangaza amasomo \ n Ubuhanzi budasobanutse, ibihangano bitagerageza kwerekana ukuri cyangwa ibintu bifatika \ n Ibisobanuro: Ubuhanzi bwo Gushushanya , 2017 Netflix documentaire \ n Umuziki udasobanutse, umuziki udahagarariwe \ n Ikintu gifatika muri filozofiya \ n Imiterere idasobanutse mu mibare \ n Ubwoko bukuramo mubumenyi bwa mudasobwa \ n Umutungo wa abstraction \ n Q-Inama (umucuranzi), izwi kandi nka \ "Ibisobanuro \"
Abstract strategy game: Umukino wuburyo budasubirwaho ni umukino wingamba aho insanganyamatsiko itari ingenzi kuburambe bwo gukina. Imikino myinshi yumukino wambere wisi, harimo chess, Genda, cheque nubushushanyo, xiangqi, shogi, Reversi, morris yabagabo icyenda, nibindi byinshi bya mancala, bihuye muriki cyiciro, kimwe nibindi bisubirwamo bigezweho nka Dameo, Hive, na YINSH .
Abstract graphical data type: Ubwoko bwibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ( AGDT ) niyagurwa ryubwoko budasubirwaho bwamakuru ya mudasobwa. AGDTs itanga ibyiza bya ADTs nibikoresho byo kubaka ibintu bishushanyo muburyo bwubatswe. Mubisanzwe, AGDT irashobora gusobanurwa nk "" urwego rwibintu bishushanya imyitwarire yumvikana isobanurwa nuruhererekane rw'ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe n'ibikorwa bishushanyo \ ".
Group theory: Mu mibare na algebra abstract, itsinda ryitsinda ryiga imiterere ya algebraic izwi nkitsinda . nIcyerekezo cyitsinda ni ingenzi kuri abstract algebra: izindi nzego zizwi cyane za algebraic, nk'impeta, imirima, hamwe na vectori, byose birashobora kugaragara nkitsinda ryahawe ibikorwa byinyongera na axiom. Amatsinda asubiramo mu mibare, kandi uburyo bw'itsinda ryagize ingaruka ku bice byinshi bya algebra. Amatsinda ya algebraic umurongo hamwe nitsinda ryibinyoma ni amashami abiri yigitekerezo cyamatsinda yiboneye amajyambere kandi yahindutse ibice muburyo bwabo.
Harmonic analysis: Isesengura rya Harmonic nishami ryimibare rijyanye no kwerekana imikorere cyangwa ibimenyetso nkibisobanuro byumuraba shingiro, hamwe no kwiga no gushyira hamwe mubitekerezo byurukurikirane rwa Fourier na Fourier ihinduka. Mu binyejana bibiri bishize, byahindutse ingingo nini hamwe nibisabwa mubice bitandukanye nkumubare wimibare, inyigisho zerekana, gutunganya ibimenyetso, ubukanishi bwa kwant, isesengura ryamazi na neuroscience.
Alternative hip hop: Ubundi hip hop ni subgenre yumuziki wa hip hop ikubiyemo intera nini yuburyo butamenyerewe nkibisanzwe. AllMusic abisobanura mu buryo bukurikira: "Ubundi rap ivuga ku matsinda ya hip hop yanga guhuza na rimwe mu myumvire gakondo ya rap, nka gangsta, bass, hardcore, na rap y'ibirori. Ahubwo, bahindura injyana zishushanya kimwe na pop na pop. / urutare, kimwe na jazz, roho, reggae, ndetse n'abantu. \ "
Alternative hip hop: Ubundi hip hop ni subgenre yumuziki wa hip hop ikubiyemo intera nini yuburyo butamenyerewe nkibisanzwe. AllMusic abisobanura mu buryo bukurikira: "Ubundi rap ivuga ku matsinda ya hip hop yanga guhuza na rimwe mu myumvire gakondo ya rap, nka gangsta, bass, hardcore, na rap y'ibirori. Ahubwo, bahindura injyana zishushanya kimwe na pop na pop. / urutare, kimwe na jazz, roho, reggae, ndetse n'abantu. \ "
Alternative hip hop: Ubundi hip hop ni subgenre yumuziki wa hip hop ikubiyemo intera nini yuburyo butamenyerewe nkibisanzwe. AllMusic abisobanura mu buryo bukurikira: "Ubundi rap ivuga ku matsinda ya hip hop yanga guhuza na rimwe mu myumvire gakondo ya rap, nka gangsta, bass, hardcore, na rap y'ibirori. Ahubwo, bahindura injyana zishushanya kimwe na pop na pop. / urutare, kimwe na jazz, roho, reggae, ndetse n'abantu. \ "
Homotopy theory: Mu mibare, igitekerezo cya homotopi ni ubushakashatsi butunganijwe bwibihe amakarita azana na homotopi hagati yabo. Yatangiye nkinsanganyamatsiko muri topologiya ya algebraic ariko muri iki gihe yizwe nka disipuline yigenga. Usibye topologiya ya algebraic, theorie yakoreshejwe no mubindi bice by'imibare nka geometrike ya algebraic na teorie y'ibyiciro.
Abstract illusionism: Abstract illusionism , izina ryahimbwe n'amateka y'ubuhanzi akaba anenga Barbara Rose mu 1967. Louis K. Meisel yigenga yifashishije iryo jambo kugira ngo asobanure ibikorwa by'ubuhanzi byamenyekanye muri Amerika hagati ya za 70.
Abstract art: Ubuhanzi budasubirwaho bukoresha imvugo igaragara yimiterere, imiterere, ibara numurongo kugirango uhimbe ibihimbano bishobora kubaho hamwe nurwego rwubwigenge buturutse kumashusho yisi. Ubuhanzi bwiburengerazuba bwari bwarabaye, kuva muri Renaissance kugeza hagati yikinyejana cya 19, bushimangirwa na logique yo kureba no kugerageza kubyara kwibeshya kwukuri kugaragara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 abahanzi benshi bumvise ko bakeneye guhanga ubwoko bushya bw'ubuhanzi bukubiyemo impinduka zifatika zibaho mu ikoranabuhanga, siyanse na filozofiya. Inkomoko abahanzi ku giti cyabo bakuyemo ibitekerezo byabo byari bitandukanye, kandi byagaragazaga ko abantu bashishikajwe n'imibereho n'ubwenge mubice byose byumuco wiburengerazuba icyo gihe.
Abstract Imagists: Abstract Imagists ni ijambo ryakomotse mu imurikagurisha ryo mu 1961 ryabereye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim, muri New York ryitwa Abanyamerika Abstract Expressioniste na Imagiste. Iri murika ryabaye irya mbere mu ruhererekane rwa gahunda zo gukora iperereza ku mpengamiro yo gushushanya no gushushanya Abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi.
Abstract Imagists: Abstract Imagists ni ijambo ryakomotse mu imurikagurisha ryo mu 1961 ryabereye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim, muri New York ryitwa Abanyamerika Abstract Expressioniste na Imagiste. Iri murika ryabaye irya mbere mu ruhererekane rwa gahunda zo gukora iperereza ku mpengamiro yo gushushanya no gushushanya Abanyamerika n'Abanyaburayi.
Abstract impressionism: Abstract Impressionism nigikorwa cyubuhanzi cyatangiriye mumujyi wa New York, muri 1940. Harimo gushushanya ikintu nkibintu byabayeho mubuzima, ibintu, cyangwa abantu (portraits) muburyo bwa Impressionististe, ariko hibandwa kubikorwa bitandukanye byo gukuramo. Amashusho akunze gushushanya en plein air, uburyo bwubuhanzi burimo gushushanya hanze hamwe nubutaka imbere yumuhanzi. Urugendo rukora neza hagati yumurongo wo gukuramo neza hamwe nindamunite yo kwerekana ukuri kwukuri.
Abstract impressionism: Abstract Impressionism nigikorwa cyubuhanzi cyatangiriye mumujyi wa New York, muri 1940. Harimo gushushanya ikintu nkibintu byabayeho mubuzima, ibintu, cyangwa abantu (portraits) muburyo bwa Impressionististe, ariko hibandwa kubikorwa bitandukanye byo gukuramo. Amashusho akunze gushushanya en plein air, uburyo bwubuhanzi burimo gushushanya hanze hamwe nubutaka imbere yumuhanzi. Urugendo rukora neza hagati yumurongo wo gukuramo neza hamwe nindamunite yo kwerekana ukuri kwukuri.
Abstract index notation: Indanganturo yerekana ibisobanuro ni imibare yamenyeshejwe kuri tensors na spiners ikoresha indice kugirango yerekane ubwoko bwabo, kuruta ibice byabo muburyo runaka. Ibipimo ni abafite aho bahurira gusa, ntaho bihuriye nifatiro iryo ariryo ryose, kandi byumwihariko, ntabwo ari umubare. Ntabwo rero bigomba kwitiranywa na Ricci calculus. Iri tangazo ryatangijwe na Roger Penrose mu rwego rwo gukoresha ingingo zemewe z'amasezerano y'incamake ya Einstein kugira ngo yishyure ingorane zo gusobanura kugabanuka no gutandukana kwa covariant mu nyandiko zigezweho za abstract tensor, mu gihe hagumijwe guhuza imvugo zigaragara.
Index group: Mubikorwa byabakozi, ishami ryimibare, buri Banach algebra irashobora guhuzwa nitsinda ryitwa abstract index group .
Abstract index notation: Indanganturo yerekana ibisobanuro ni imibare yamenyeshejwe kuri tensors na spiners ikoresha indice kugirango yerekane ubwoko bwabo, kuruta ibice byabo muburyo runaka. Ibipimo ni abafite aho bahurira gusa, ntaho bihuriye nifatiro iryo ariryo ryose, kandi byumwihariko, ntabwo ari umubare. Ntabwo rero bigomba kwitiranywa na Ricci calculus. Iri tangazo ryatangijwe na Roger Penrose mu rwego rwo gukoresha ingingo zemewe z'amasezerano y'incamake ya Einstein kugira ngo yishyure ingorane zo gusobanura kugabanuka no gutandukana kwa covariant mu nyandiko zigezweho za abstract tensor, mu gihe hagumijwe guhuza imvugo zigaragara.
Abstract index notation: Indanganturo yerekana ibisobanuro ni imibare yamenyeshejwe kuri tensors na spiners ikoresha indice kugirango yerekane ubwoko bwabo, kuruta ibice byabo muburyo runaka. Ibipimo ni abafite aho bahurira gusa, ntaho bihuriye nifatiro iryo ariryo ryose, kandi byumwihariko, ntabwo ari umubare. Ntabwo rero bigomba kwitiranywa na Ricci calculus. Iri tangazo ryatangijwe na Roger Penrose mu rwego rwo gukoresha ingingo zemewe z'amasezerano y'incamake ya Einstein kugira ngo yishyure ingorane zo gusobanura kugabanuka no gutandukana kwa covariant mu nyandiko zigezweho za abstract tensor, mu gihe hagumijwe guhuza imvugo zigaragara.
Intelligent agent: Mu bwenge bwa gihanga, umukozi wubwenge ( IA ) bivuga ikigo cyigenga gikora, kiyobora ibikorwa byacyo kugirango kigere ku ntego, ku bidukikije ukoresheje indorerezi ukoresheje ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amajwi. Abakozi b'ubwenge barashobora kandi kwiga cyangwa gukoresha ubumenyi kugirango bagere ku ntego zabo. Birashobora kuba byoroshye cyane cyangwa bigoye cyane. Imashini ya reflex, nka thermostat, ifatwa nkurugero rwumukozi wubwenge.
Abstraction layer: Muri computing, urwego rwa abstraction cyangwa urwego rwo gukuramo nuburyo bwo guhisha amakuru yimirimo ya sisitemu, kwemerera gutandukanya impungenge kugirango byorohereze imikoranire nubwigenge bwurubuga. Ingero zicyitegererezo cya software ikoresha ibice bya abstraction harimo moderi ya OSI ya protocole y'urusobe, OpenGL hamwe nububiko bwibitabo bwibishushanyo.
Abstract interpretation: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, gusobanura abstract ni inyigisho yo kugereranya amajwi ya semantique ya porogaramu ya mudasobwa, ishingiye ku mikorere ya monotonic hejuru yamaseti yatumijwe, cyane cyane latike. Irashobora kubonwa nkigikorwa cyigice cya porogaramu ya mudasobwa yunguka amakuru kubyerekeye amasomo yayo idakoze ibarwa yose.
Abstract interpretation: Muri siyanse ya mudasobwa, gusobanura abstract ni inyigisho yo kugereranya amajwi ya semantique ya porogaramu ya mudasobwa, ishingiye ku mikorere ya monotonic hejuru yamaseti yatumijwe, cyane cyane latike. Irashobora kubonwa nkigikorwa cyigice cya porogaramu ya mudasobwa yunguka amakuru kubyerekeye amasomo yayo idakoze ibarwa yose.
Abstract labour and concrete labour: Imirimo idahwitse n'umurimo ufatika bivuga itandukaniro ryakozwe na Karl Marx mu kunegura ubukungu bwa politiki. Yerekeza ku itandukaniro riri hagati yimirimo yabantu muri rusange nkigihe cyubukungu gifite agaciro mubikorwa byakazi nakazi ka muntu nkigikorwa runaka gifite ingaruka zingirakamaro.
Abstract labour and concrete labour: Imirimo idahwitse n'umurimo ufatika bivuga itandukaniro ryakozwe na Karl Marx mu kunegura ubukungu bwa politiki. Yerekeza ku itandukaniro riri hagati yimirimo yabantu muri rusange nkigihe cyubukungu gifite agaciro mubikorwa byakazi nakazi ka muntu nkigikorwa runaka gifite ingaruka zingirakamaro.
Abstract labour and concrete labour: Imirimo idahwitse n'umurimo ufatika bivuga itandukaniro ryakozwe na Karl Marx mu kunegura ubukungu bwa politiki. Yerekeza ku itandukaniro riri hagati yimirimo yabantu muri rusange nkigihe cyubukungu gifite agaciro mubikorwa byakazi nakazi ka muntu nkigikorwa runaka gifite ingaruka zingirakamaro.
Abstract logic: Muri logique y'imibare, logic abstract ni sisitemu isanzwe igizwe nurwego rwinteruro nisano yo kunyurwa nibintu byihariye bijyanye no kubaho, kwaguka, isomorphism, guhindura izina no kugereranya.
Abstract logic (disambiguation): Logic abstract ni sisitemu isanzwe igizwe nurwego rwinteruro nisano yo kunyurwa nibintu byihariye.
Abstract m-space: Mu mibare, byumwihariko muburyo bukurikirana inyigisho hamwe nisesengura ryimikorere, abstract m - umwanya cyangwa AM-umwanya ni akazu ka Banach amahame yabo yujuje kuri x na y yose muri cone nziza ya X. Turavuga ko AM-umwanya X ari AM-umwanya hamwe nigice niba wongeyeho hariho u ≥ 0 muri X kuburyo intera [- u , u ]: = { z ∈ X : - u ≤ z na z ≤ u } bingana numupira wigice cya X ; \ nikintu kimwe u kirihariye kandi gitondekanya igice cya X.	In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, an abstract m-space or an AM-space is a Banach lattice
Abstract machine: Imashini idasobanutse, nanone yitwa mudasobwa idasobanutse, ni mudasobwa yerekana ikoreshwa mugusobanura icyitegererezo cyo kubara. Gukuramo uburyo bwo kubara bikoreshwa mubumenyi bwa mudasobwa hamwe na mudasobwa yubuhanga bwa mudasobwa kandi mubisanzwe bifata igihe cyihariye.
Abstract management: Gucunga neza ni inzira yo kwakira no gutegura ibisobanuro byo kwerekana mu nama y'amasomo. Inzira igizwe naba batumiwe cyangwa bavuzweho ibisobanuro byerekana cyangwa incamake y'akazi. Ibisobanuro mubisanzwe bivuga hypothesis, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi cyangwa iperereza, amakuru yakusanyijwe, hamwe nincamake cyangwa ibisobanuro byamakuru.
Manifold: Mu mibare, manifold ni umwanya wa topologiya usa nu mwanya wa Euclidea hafi ya buri ngingo. Byukuri, n -ibipimo byinshi, cyangwa n -ibintu bigufi, ni umwanya wa topologiya hamwe numutungo buri ngingo ifite quartier ni homeomorphic kumurongo ufunguye wa n -imiterere ya Euclidean.
Pure mathematics: Imibare isukuye ni ubushakashatsi bwibisobanuro byimibare utitaye kubikorwa byose hanze yimibare. Ibi bitekerezo bishobora guturuka mubyukuri-isi, kandi ibisubizo byabonetse birashobora guhinduka nyuma mubikorwa bifatika, ariko abahanga mu mibare ntibashishikajwe cyane cyane nibisabwa. Ahubwo, ubujurire bwitirirwa ikibazo cyubwenge nubwiza bwubwiza bwo gukora ingaruka zumvikana zamahame shingiro.
Mathematical object: Ikintu cyimibare nigitekerezo kidasobanutse kivuka mubiharuro.nMururimi rusanzwe rwimibare, ikintu nikintu cyose cyasobanuwe kumugaragaro, kandi hamwe numuntu ashobora gukora ibitekerezo bikuraho nibimenyetso bifatika. Mubisanzwe, ikintu cyimibare gishobora kuba agaciro gashobora guhindurwa, bityo rero kakagira uruhare muburyo. Ibintu bisanzwe bihura nibintu birimo imibare, amaseti, imikorere, imvugo, imiterere ya geometrike, guhindura ibindi bintu by'imibare, n'umwanya. Ibintu by'imibare birashobora kuba bigoye cyane; kurugero, theorem, gihamya, ndetse nibitekerezo bifatwa nkibintu byimibare mubitekerezo byubuhamya.
Mathematical problem: Ikibazo cyimibare nikibazo gishobora guhagararirwa, gusesengurwa, kandi bishoboka ko cyakemutse, hamwe nuburyo bwimibare. Iki gishobora kuba ikibazo cyukuri kwisi, nko kubara izenguruka ryimibumbe iri mumirasire yizuba, cyangwa ikibazo cyimiterere idafatika, nkibibazo bya Hilbert. nBishobora kandi kuba ikibazo kivuga kumibare yimibare ubwayo, nka Paradox ya Russell.
Pure mathematics: Imibare isukuye ni ubushakashatsi bwibisobanuro byimibare utitaye kubikorwa byose hanze yimibare. Ibi bitekerezo bishobora guturuka mubyukuri-isi, kandi ibisubizo byabonetse birashobora guhinduka nyuma mubikorwa bifatika, ariko abahanga mu mibare ntibashishikajwe cyane cyane nibisabwa. Ahubwo, ubujurire bwitirirwa ikibazo cyubwenge nubwiza bwubwiza bwo gukora ingaruka zumvikana zamahame shingiro.
Method (computer programming): Uburyo muburyo bwo gutangiza porogaramu (OOP) ni inzira ijyanye n'ubutumwa n'ikintu. Ikintu kigizwe namakuru n'imyitwarire ; ibi bigizwe ninteruro , yerekana uburyo ikintu gishobora gukoreshwa nabaguzi bayo batandukanye.
Conceptual model: Icyitegererezo ni uburyo bwa sisitemu, ikozwe mu bigize ibitekerezo bikoreshwa mu gufasha abantu kumenya, gusobanukirwa, cyangwa kwigana ikintu icyitegererezo cyerekana. Ninurutonde rwibitekerezo. Ibinyuranye, imiterere yumubiri ni ibintu bifatika; kurugero, icyitegererezo cy igikinisho gishobora guteranyirizwa hamwe, kandi gishobora gukorwa kugirango gikore nkikintu gihagarariye.
Abstract model theory: Muri logique y'imibare, inyigisho yerekana icyitegererezo ni rusange muburyo bw'icyitegererezo cyiga imiterere rusange yo kwagura logique ya mbere na moderi zabo.