Aboriginal History

Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (Victoria): Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka ni umuyobozi watowe muri guverinoma muri leta ya Victoria ya Ositaraliya ishinzwe kuyobora no guteza imbere ubuzima, uburezi, ubutabera n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage b'abasangwabutaka. Minisitiri agera ku ntego za Guverinoma binyuze mu kugenzura ishami ry'abasangwabutaka rya Minisiteri y'intebe na Guverinoma.
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada: Umubano w'abasangwabutaka n'ibibazo by'amajyaruguru Kanada ni ishami rya guverinoma ya Kanada ishinzwe ubutaka n'intara za Kanada, kandi ni rimwe mu mashami abiri ashinzwe politiki yerekeye abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada.
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada: Umubano w'abasangwabutaka n'ibibazo by'amajyaruguru Kanada ni ishami rya guverinoma ya Kanada ishinzwe ubutaka n'intara za Kanada, kandi ni rimwe mu mashami abiri ashinzwe politiki yerekeye abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada.
Aboriginal Air Services: Aboriginal Air Services yari isosiyete ikora indege 4 zitandukanye zifitwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya rwagati. Buhoro buhoro ibigo bine byahurije hamwe nka consortium mumyaka hafi makumyabiri. Ihuriro, rizwi ku izina rya Aboriginal Air Services ryari rifite abenegihugu bose.
Indigenous All-Stars: Abasangwabutaka Bose-Inyenyeri barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka All-Stars, uhagarariye Australiya itegeka ikipe yumupira wamaguru igizwe nabakinnyi ba kavukire ba Australiya n Abasangwabutaka All-Stars, ikipe yumupira wamaguru ihagarariye rugby shampiyona igizwe nabakinnyi kavukire ba Australiya \ n
Indigenous All-Stars: Abasangwabutaka Bose-Inyenyeri barashobora kwerekeza kuri: Abasangwabutaka All-Stars, uhagarariye Australiya itegeka ikipe yumupira wamaguru igizwe nabakinnyi ba kavukire ba Australiya n Abasangwabutaka All-Stars, ikipe yumupira wamaguru ihagarariye rugby shampiyona igizwe nabakinnyi kavukire ba Australiya \ n
Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika ni abatuye Amerika mbere yuko abimukira b'abanyaburayi bahagera mu kinyejana cya 15, ndetse n'amoko ubu yiyita abo bantu.
Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika ni abatuye Amerika mbere yuko abimukira b'abanyaburayi bahagera mu kinyejana cya 15, ndetse n'amoko ubu yiyita abo bantu.
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mu bitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya ku bibabi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza amabuye, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda y'imihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya bibanziriza ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza na nubu.
Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas: Ubuhanzi bugaragara bwakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika bukubiyemo ibikorwa byubuhanzi bugaragara byabasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika kuva kera kugeza ubu. Harimo imirimo yo muri Amerika yepfo no muri Amerika ya ruguru, irimo Amerika yo hagati na Greenland. Abanya Siberiya Yupiit, bafite umuco ukomeye cyane hamwe na kavukire Alaskan Yupiit, nabo barimo.
Australian Aboriginal astronomy: n Abanyaustraliya bo muri Ositaraliya ni izina ryahawe umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ryerekeye amasomo y'inyenyeri - nk'izuba n'ukwezi, inyenyeri, imibumbe, n'inzira y'Amata, hamwe n'ibikorwa byabo mu kirere.
Prehistory of Australia: Amateka ya Australiya ni igihe kiri hagati y'imiturire ya mbere y'abantu ku mugabane wa Ositarariya no gukolonizwa kwa Ositaraliya mu 1788, ibyo bikaba ari byo byatangiye inyandiko zanditse za Ositaraliya. Iki gihe cyagereranijwe muburyo butandukanye, hamwe nibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko bisubira hagati yimyaka 50.000 na 65.000.
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies: Ikigo cya Ositaraliya gishinzwe Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Studies ( AIATSIS ), cyashinzwe nk'Ikigo cya Ositarariya gishinzwe Aboriginal Studies ( AIAS ) mu 1964, ni ubuyobozi bwigenga bwa leta ya Ositarariya. Nicyo kigo gikusanya, cyandika kandi cyubushakashatsi kandi gifatwa nkibikoresho byambere bya Ositaraliya byamakuru yerekeye imico nimiryango yabaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander. Ikigo ni umuyobozi mu bushakashatsi bwerekeye imyitwarire no gutunganya ibintu byita ku muco kandi bikagira mu byegeranyo byayo ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe kandi bidasimburwa by'umuco, amateka n'umwuka. Icyegeranyo muri AIATSIS cyubatswe mu myaka irenga 50 y'ubushakashatsi no kwishora hamwe n'umuryango wa Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander kandi ubu ni isoko y'ubuzima n'umuco, ubushakashatsi ku mazina kavukire hamwe n'amateka y'umuryango. AIATSIS iherereye mu gace ka Acton muri Canberra, Umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya.
Aboriginal Australians: Aboriginal Australiya ni abasangwabutaka banyuranye bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya ndetse no mu birwa byinshi byayo, nka Tasmaniya, Ikirwa cya Fraser, Ikirwa cya Hinchinbrook, Ibirwa bya Tiwi, na Groote Eylandt, ariko ukuyemo ibirwa bya Torres Strait. Ijambo Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bivuga Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islanders hamwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ayo matsinda yombi yashyizwe mumutwe urimo gukemurwa. Abirwa ba Torres Strait baratandukanye mu moko no mu muco, nubwo bahanahana umuco na bamwe mu matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka. Ibirwa bya Torres Strait bigizwe ahanini na Queensland ariko bifite leta yihariye.
Australian Aboriginal English: Icyongereza Aboriginal Icyongereza ( AAE ) ni imvugo yicyongereza cya Australiya ikoreshwa nigice kinini cyabasangwabutaka ba Australiya. Igizwe nubwoko butandukanye bwateye imbere mubice bitandukanye bya Australiya. Ubwoko butandukanye buvugwa ko buhuye nuburyo bukomeza buva kumiterere yumucyo, hafi yicyongereza gisanzwe cya Australiya, kugeza kumiterere iremereye, hafi ya Kriol. Muri rusange hari ibintu byihariye biranga imvugo, ikibonezamvugo, amagambo n'ibisobanuro, kimwe no gukoresha ururimi. AAE ntigomba kwitiranywa na Kriol, ururimi rutandukanye nicyongereza ruvugwa nabantu barenga 30.000 muri Ositaraliya. Abavuga rikijyana bagaragaye ko bakunda guhinduka hagati yuburyo butandukanye bwa AAE bitewe nuwo bavugana, urugero nko guharanira kuvuga cyane nkicyongereza cya Australiya mugihe bavugana numuntu utavuga Icyongereza kavukire. Ibi rimwe na rimwe byitwa diglossia kandi bikunze kugaragara mubasangwabutaka baba mu mijyi minini.
Australian Aboriginal Flag: Ibendera rya Aboriginal rya Australiya ryerekana Abanyaustraliya. Ni rimwe mu mabendera yatangajwe ku mugaragaro ya Ositaraliya, kandi afite ubuzima gatozi na politiki. Bikunze gutwarwa hamwe nibendera ryigihugu hamwe nibendera rya Torres Strait Islander Island, naryo ni ibendera ryatangajwe kumugaragaro.
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mu bitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya ku bibabi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza amabuye, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda y'imihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya bibanziriza ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza na nubu.
Indigenous Australian art: Ubuhanzi kavukire bwa Australiya burimo ibihangano byakozwe nabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander, harimo ubufatanye nabandi. Harimo imirimo mu bitangazamakuru byinshi birimo gushushanya ku bibabi, gushushanya amababi, kubaza ibiti, kubaza amabuye, gushushanya amabara, gushushanya, imyenda y'imihango no gushushanya umucanga; ibihangano byabasangwabutaka ba Australiya bibanziriza ubukoloni bwi Burayi imyaka ibihumbi, kugeza na nubu.
Australian Aboriginal astronomy: n Abanyaustraliya bo muri Ositaraliya ni izina ryahawe umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ryerekeye amasomo y'inyenyeri - nk'izuba n'ukwezi, inyenyeri, imibumbe, n'inzira y'Amata, hamwe n'ibikorwa byabo mu kirere.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka b'iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Australian Aboriginal culture: n Umuco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya urimo ibikorwa n'imihango myinshi ishingiye ku myizerere ya Dreamtime n'indi migani. Kubaha no kubaha ubutaka n'imigenzo mvugo birashimangirwa. Indimi zirenga 300 hamwe nandi matsinda byateje imbere imico itandukanye. Kubera ubukoloni bwa Australiya munsi ya terra nullius iyi mico yafatwaga nkumuco umwe. Ubuhanzi bw'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bumaze imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kuva mu buhanzi bwa kera bwo mu rutare kugeza ahantu nyaburanga bigezweho. Umuziki w'abasangwabutaka wateje imbere ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe. Umuziki w'Abasangwabutaka b'iki gihe urimo ubwoko bwinshi. Abasangwabutaka ntibigeze batezimbere uburyo bwo kwandika mbere yo gukolonizwa, ariko hariho indimi zitandukanye, harimo n'indimi z'amarenga.
Indigenous Australian customary law: n Amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka ya Australiya yerekeza ku buryo bwemewe n'amategeko n'imigenzo idasanzwe y'Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya. Amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka yateje imbere igihe uhereye ku mahame mbwirizamuco yemewe muri societe y'Abasangwabutaka. Bagenga imyitwarire yumuntu, bagategeka ibihano byihariye byo kutubahiriza amategeko, kandi bagahuza abantu nubutaka ndetse nubundi, binyuze muburyo bwimibanire.
Aboriginal deaths in custody: Imfu z'abasangwabutaka bafunzwe ni ikibazo cya politiki n'imibereho myiza muri Ositaraliya. Ryazamutse cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, aho abarwanashyaka b'Abasangwabutaka biyamamazaga nyuma y'urupfu rwa John Peter Pat w'imyaka 16 y'amavuko mu 1983. Urupfu rwakurikiyeho muri gereza, rufatwa nk'amakenga n'imiryango ya nyakwigendera, rwasojwe na komisiyo ishinzwe ubwami mu 1987 mu rupfu rw'abasangwabutaka. muri Gereza (RCIADIC).
Australian Aboriginal elder: Umusaza w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya asobanurwa nk "umuntu wamenyekanye nkumucungamutungo wubumenyi na lore, kandi ufite uburenganzira bwo gutangaza ubumenyi n'imyizerere \". Abasaza batanga inkunga kubaturage babo muburyo bwo kuyobora, ubujyanama nubumenyi, bufasha gukemura ibibazo byubuzima, uburezi, ubushomeri n'ivangura. Uruhare rwabo narwo rwibanze ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe.
Indigenous health in Australia: Ubuzima bw'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya busuzuma ibipimo by'ubuzima n'imibereho myiza y'abasangwabutaka ba Ositaraliya ugereranije n'abandi baturage. Imibare irerekana ko Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islanders badafite ubuzima bwiza kurusha abandi Banya Australiya. Hashyizweho ingamba zitandukanye za leta kugirango zigerageze gukemura ikibazo; habaye iterambere mu bice byinshi, ariko imibare hagati y'abasangwabutaka ba Ositaraliya n'abandi baturage ba Ositaraliya iracyerekana urwego rutemewe.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, waremye ibintu bifatika ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Australian Aboriginal identity: n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya , rimwe na rimwe bazwi ku izina rya Aboriginality , ni imyumvire yo kwiyita Aboriginal Australiya, cyangwa kumenyekana nabandi bantu. Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya ni rimwe mu matsinda abiri y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, andi ni Torres Strait Islanders. Habayeho kandi kuganira kubyerekeye ikoreshwa rya \ "Abasangwabutaka \" vs \ "Aboriginal \", cyangwa amazina yihariye yitsinda, nka Murri cyangwa Noongar (abadayimoni), Kaurna cyangwa Yolngu, bishingiye ku rurimi, cyangwa izina ryumuryango. Mubisanzwe ibyifuzo byumuntu (ibibazo) bikoreshwa, niba bizwi.
Australian Aboriginal kinship: n Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bigizwe na sisitemu y'amategeko gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka agenga imikoranire myiza ijyanye n'ubusabane mu mico gakondo y'Abasangwabutaka. Nibice bigize umuco wa buri tsinda ryabasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya, kandi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mubijyanye nubukwe hagati yabasangwabutaka.
Indigenous land rights in Australia: Uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya , buzwi kandi ku burenganzira bw'ubutaka bwa Aboriginal muri Ositaraliya , bujyanye n'uburenganzira n'inyungu mu butaka bw'abaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya, kandi iryo jambo rishobora no kuba riharanira guharanira ubwo burenganzira. Guhuza ubutaka n'amazi ni ingenzi mu muco w'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ndetse no ku baturage ba Torres Strait Islander, kandi habaye intambara ndende yo kwemerwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko no gutunga uburenganzira ku butaka n'amazi byigaruriwe n'abantu benshi mbere yo gukoronizwa. Ositaraliya guhera mu 1788, no kwigarurira ibirwa bya Torres Strait na koloni ya Queensland mu 1870.
Australian Aboriginal languages: Indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zibarirwa mu magana, umubare nyawo nturamenyekana neza nubwo hari ibigereranyo bituruka ku byibuze byibuze 250 bigera kuri 363. Indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zigizwe n'imiryango myinshi y'indimi kandi yitaruye, wenda nka benshi. 13, bivugwa n'abasangwabutaka bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya no mu birwa bike byegeranye. Isano iri hagati yimiryango yindimi ntabwo isobanutse muri iki gihe nubwo hari ibyifuzo byo guhuza bamwe mumatsinda manini. Nubwo ibyo bidashidikanywaho, indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zikoreshwa hamwe nijambo rya tekiniki "Indimi za Ositarariya \", cyangwa \ "umuryango wa Ositaraliya \".
Australian Aboriginal languages: Indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zibarirwa mu magana, umubare nyawo nturamenyekana neza nubwo hari ibigereranyo bituruka ku byibuze byibuze 250 bigera kuri 363. Indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zigizwe n'imiryango myinshi y'indimi kandi yitaruye, wenda nka benshi. 13, bivugwa n'abasangwabutaka bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya no mu birwa bike byegeranye. Isano iri hagati yimiryango yindimi ntabwo isobanutse muri iki gihe nubwo hari ibyifuzo byo guhuza bamwe mumatsinda manini. Nubwo ibyo bidashidikanywaho, indimi kavukire zo muri Ositaraliya zikoreshwa hamwe nijambo rya tekiniki "Indimi za Ositarariya \", cyangwa \ "umuryango wa Ositaraliya \".
Indigenous Australian literature: Ubuvanganzo bw'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ibihimbano, amakinamico, imivugo, inyandiko n'ibindi bikorwa byanditswe na Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Aboriginal Australians: Aboriginal Australiya ni abasangwabutaka banyuranye bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya ndetse no mu birwa byinshi byayo, nka Tasmaniya, Ikirwa cya Fraser, Ikirwa cya Hinchinbrook, Ibirwa bya Tiwi, na Groote Eylandt, ariko ukuyemo ibirwa bya Torres Strait. Ijambo Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bivuga Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islanders hamwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ayo matsinda yombi yashyizwe mumutwe urimo gukemurwa. Abirwa ba Torres Strait baratandukanye mu moko no mu muco, nubwo bahanahana umuco na bamwe mu matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka. Ibirwa bya Torres Strait bigizwe ahanini na Queensland ariko bifite leta yihariye.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology: Idini ry'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya n'imigani ni iby'umwuka wera bigaragarira mu nkuru zakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya muri buri tsinda ry'indimi muri Ositaraliya mu birori byabo. Umwuka w'abasangwabutaka urimo Inzozi, Indirimbo, hamwe nubuvanganzo bwo mu kanwa.
Australian frontier wars: Intambara yo ku mipaka ya Ositaraliya ni ijambo ryakoreshejwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka ku makimbirane akaze hagati y'Abasangwabutaka ba Ositaraliya n'abasangwabutaka igihe Abongereza bakolonizaga Ositaraliya. Imirwano ya mbere yabaye nyuma y'amezi atari make indege ya mbere igwa muri Mutarama 1788 kandi imirwano iheruka yabaye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, nko mu 1934. Nibura Abanyaustraliya 40.000 b'Abasangwabutaka ndetse n'abimukira bari hagati ya 2000 na 2500 bapfiriye mu ntambara. Ariko, bourse iherutse ku ntambara zambukiranya imipaka ubu muri leta ya Queensland yerekana ko abahitanwa n'abasangwabutaka bashobora kuba bari hejuru cyane. Nkako, mu gihe intambara n'ubwicanyi byabereye ahantu henshi muri Ositaraliya, bari bafite amaraso menshi muri Queensland, kubera umubare munini ugereranije n'abasangwabutaka.
Indigenous All Stars (rugby league): Ikipe y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ya rugby ni ikipe yumupira wamaguru ya rugby ihagarariye Aboriginal Australiya na Torres Strait Islanders. Iyi kipe yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1973, kuri ubu ikina mu mukino ngarukamwaka wa All Stars hamwe n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Rugby League NRL All Stars.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, waremye ibintu bifatika ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, waremye ibintu bifatika ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Indigenous Australian seasons: ibihe by'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bitandukanijwe bitandukanye na kalendari gakondo y'ibihe bine bikoreshwa nabanyaburayi benshi bo muburengerazuba. Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islander abantu bafite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugabanya umwaka. Kwita izina no gusobanukirwa ibihe bitandukanye hagati yitsinda ryabasangwabutaka, kandi ukurikije aho muri Ositaraliya iryo tsinda riba.
Indigenous Australian self-determination: Kwiyegurira Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya , bizwi kandi ku izina rya Aboriginal Australiya yo kwishyira ukizana , ni imbaraga zijyanye no kwiyobora n'abaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander bo muri Ositaraliya. Nuburenganzira bwabaturage ba Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander kumenya uko bahagaze muri politiki no gukurikirana inyungu zabo bwite mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n'umuco. Kwishyira ukizana byemeza ko Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander abaturage bagomba kuyobora no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander no gushyiraho serivisi. Kwishyira ukizana bikubiyemo uburenganzira bw'ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka no kwiyobora, kandi birashobora kandi gushyigikirwa n'amasezerano hagati ya guverinoma n'itsinda ry'abasangwabutaka muri Ositaraliya.
Australian Aboriginal sign languages: Imico myinshi y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bafite cyangwa basanzwe bafite ururimi rwandikishijwe intoki, rwashyizweho umukono nururimi rwabo. Ibi bisa nkaho bifitanye isano na kirazira zitandukanye zo kuvuga hagati ya bene wabo cyangwa mugihe runaka, nko mugihe cyicyunamo kubagore cyangwa mugihe cyimihango yo gutangiza abagabo, nkuko byagenze no mururimi rw'amarenga rwo muri Caucase ariko ntabwo arirwo rurimi rw'amarenga rw'Abahinde, rwabikoze ntugire uruhare mu kuvuga kirazira, cyangwa indimi z'ibimenyetso zitumva, zitari kodegisi y'ururimi. Hariho isano imwe hagati yitsinda rituranye na pidgin zimwe zisa na Kibaya Ururimi rw'amarenga rw'Abahinde mu Kibaya kinini cyo muri Amerika.
Aboriginal Australians: Aboriginal Australiya ni abasangwabutaka banyuranye bo ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya ndetse no mu birwa byinshi byayo, nka Tasmaniya, Ikirwa cya Fraser, Ikirwa cya Hinchinbrook, Ibirwa bya Tiwi, na Groote Eylandt, ariko ukuyemo ibirwa bya Torres Strait. Ijambo Abasangwabutaka ba Australiya bivuga Aboriginal Australiya hamwe na Torres Strait Islanders hamwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe ayo matsinda yombi yashyizwe mumutwe urimo gukemurwa. Abirwa ba Torres Strait baratandukanye mu moko no mu muco, nubwo bahanahana umuco na bamwe mu matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka. Ibirwa bya Torres Strait bigizwe ahanini na Queensland ariko bifite leta yihariye.
Bark painting: Gushushanya ibishishwa ni ubuhanzi bwa Aboriginal bo muri Ositaraliya, burimo gushushanya imbere imbere yumurongo wibiti. Ubu ni uburyo bukomeza bwo kwerekana ubuhanzi muri Arnhem Land no mu tundi turere twa Top End ya Ositaraliya harimo uduce twa Kimberley two mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Ubusanzwe, ibishishwa byashushanyaga byakozwe muburyo bwo kwigisha no kwizihiza kandi byari ibintu byigihe gito. Uyu munsi, barashakishwa cyane nabakusanya ibigo byubuhanzi rusange.
Bark painting: Gushushanya ibishishwa ni ubuhanzi bwa Aboriginal bo muri Ositaraliya, burimo gushushanya imbere imbere yumurongo wibiti. Ubu ni uburyo bukomeza bwo kwerekana ubuhanzi muri Arnhem Land no mu tundi turere twa Top End ya Ositaraliya harimo uduce twa Kimberley two mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Ubusanzwe, ibishishwa byashushanyaga byakozwe muburyo bwo kwigisha no kwizihiza kandi byari ibintu byigihe gito. Uyu munsi, barashakishwa cyane nabakusanya ibigo byubuhanzi rusange.
Aboriginal-based organized crime (Canada): Icyaha gishingiye ku basangwabutaka (ABOC) ni ijambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku mitwe y'abagizi ba nabi bo muri Kanada bafite umubare munini w'abanyamuryango b'abasangwabutaka. Iyi miryango iboneka cyane cyane mu ntara za prairie, usanga ifite uturere twibanda cyane ku bantu bakomoka muri Aboriginal. ABOC nikibazo gikomeye cyigihugu gikurikiranwa, nkuko byasobanuwe na Service yubutasi ya Canada.
Body art: Ubuhanzi bwumubiri nubuhanzi bukozwe, hamwe, cyangwa bigizwe numubiri wumuntu. Uburyo bukunze kugaragara mubuhanzi bwumubiri ni tatouage no gutobora umubiri. Ubundi bwoko burimo inkovu, kuranga, gushira munsi, gushushanya, gushushanya, kwishushanya kwumubiri wose no gushushanya umubiri.
Aboriginal breastplate: Amaberebere y'abasangwabutaka yari uburyo bwa regaliya yakoreshejwe muri pre-federasiyo ya Ositaraliya n'abayobozi b'abakoloni bera kugira ngo bamenye abo babonaga ko ari abayobozi b'abasangwabutaka. Ubusanzwe amabere yari amabuye ameze nkukwezi kwambarwa kwambarwa mwijosi nuwambaye.
White British: Abazungu b'Abongereza ni ubwoko bukoreshwa mu Ibarura ry'Ubwongereza 2011. Mu ibarura rusange rya 2011, Abazungu b'Abongereza bari 51,736.290, 81,88% by'abatuye Ubwongereza bose.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Canadian Aboriginal law: Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni urwego rw'amategeko ya Kanada yita ku bibazo bitandukanye bifitanye isano n'abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada. Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada atandukanye n'amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka: Muri Kanada, Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka yerekeza ku migenzo yemewe, imigenzo, n'imigenzo y'abasangwabutaka n'amatsinda. Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada atanga uburenganzira bwemewe n'itegeko nshinga ku butaka n'imigenzo gakondo. Aboriginal ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Kanada kandi rikubiyemo ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Amategeko y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada yubahiriza kandi agasobanura amasezerano amwe hagati ya guverinoma n'abasangwabutaka, kandi akayobora byinshi mu mikoranire yabo. Igice kinini cyamategeko y'abasangwabutaka gikubiyemo inshingano zo kugisha inama no kubakira.
Indigenous Canadian personalities: Mu binyejana byashize, Abanyakanada benshi b'abasangwabutaka bagize uruhare runini mu guhindura amateka ya Kanada. Kuva mu buhanzi n'umuziki, amategeko na guverinoma, siporo n'intambara; Imigenzo n'umuco kavukire byagize uruhare runini mu gusobanura umuco wa Kanada. Ibihembo bya Indspire nibihembo ngarukamwaka bitangwa na Indspire, ahahoze ari Fondation National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation. Ibihembo byashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1993 bifatanije n'umuryango w'abibumbye batangaza mu myaka ya za 90 "Imyaka icumi y'abasangwabutaka ku isi \". Ku ya 21 Kamena ni umunsi w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada, mu rwego rwo gushimira umusanzu w'umuco watanzwe n'abasangwabutaka ba Kanada. Uyu munsi wizihijwe bwa mbere mu 1996 nyuma ya guverineri mukuru wa Kanada Roméo LeBlanc.
Indigenous peoples in Canada: Abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada ni abasangwabutaka mu mbibi za Kanada. Bagizwe n'ibihugu byambere, Inuit na Métis. Nubwo "Umuhinde \" ari ijambo rigikoreshwa cyane mu nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, abadondora \ "Umuhinde \" na \ "Eskimo \" batangiye gukoreshwa muri Kanada, kandi benshi babona ko ari abanyamurwango. \ "Aboriginal \" nk'izina rusange ni ijambo ryihariye ry'ubuhanzi rikoreshwa mu nyandiko zimwe na zimwe zemewe n'amategeko, harimo n'Itegeko Nshinga, 1982 , nubwo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe iryo jambo naryo rigenda ryangwa.
Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts: Ikigo cyitwa Aboriginal Centre for Performing Arts ( ACPA ) ni ikigo cy'igihugu cya Ositaraliya gishinzwe amahugurwa y'umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander.
Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts: Ikigo cyitwa Aboriginal Centre for Performing Arts ( ACPA ) ni ikigo cy'igihugu cya Ositaraliya gishinzwe amahugurwa y'umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander.
Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts: Ikigo cyitwa Aboriginal Centre for Performing Arts ( ACPA ) ni ikigo cy'igihugu cya Ositaraliya gishinzwe amahugurwa y'umuco w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander.
Aboriginal Children's Advancement Society: nIshyirahamwe ry'iterambere ry'abana b'Abasangwabutaka , ( ACAS ), ni umuryango muri New South Wales, Ositaraliya ugamije kugera ku bwiyunge bw'Abasangwabutaka mu guteza imbere uburezi bw'abana b'Abasangwabutaka.
Civil rights movements: Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ni uruhererekane rw'imitwe ya politiki ku isi yose kugira ngo uburinganire bwubahirizwe n'amategeko, bwageze mu myaka ya za 1960. Mu bihe byinshi baranzwe n'imyigaragambyo idahutaza, cyangwa bafashe ingamba zo kwiyamamaza kw'abaturage bigamije kugera ku mpinduka binyuze mu buryo butavogerwa. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, baherekejwe, cyangwa bakurikirwa n'imvururu z'abaturage no kwigomeka bitwaje intwaro. Ibikorwa bimaze igihe kirekire kandi birambye mu bihugu byinshi, kandi inyinshi muri izo ngendo ntizigeze zigera ku ntego zazo, cyangwa n'ubwo zitaragera ku ntego zazo, nubwo imbaraga z'iyi mitwe zatumye habaho iterambere ry'uburenganzira bwemewe n'amatsinda y'abantu bakandamijwe mbere. , ahantu hamwe.
Periplaneta aboriginea: Isake y'abasangwabutaka ni ubwoko bw'isake yo mu muryango wa Blattidae. Bitandukanye n'isake ifitanye isano na Ositaraliya, iyi ni icyorezo cya Ositaraliya kavukire, cyanditswe gusa mu majyaruguru y'igice kinini cyo kugabana muri Queensland, mu majyaruguru kugera mu gace ka Cape York.
Aboriginal Community Court: nUrukiko rw'Abasangwabutaka ni izina ryahawe inkiko zihariye zerekeye Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bo muri Leta ya Ositaraliya. Imanza zibera mu rukiko rw'ibanze rwa Ositaraliya. Urukiko ntabwo arirwo rukiko rwukuri, ariko ni rwo rwerekeza ku kugena urukiko iyo rukorana n'abasangwabutaka baregwa ibyaha. Ibi ni ukugaragaza umwihariko wacyo muburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa muri urwo rukiko mpanabyaha, ariko kandi no kwerekana ko imiterere imwe yurukiko ireba abasangwabutaka n'abasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003: Itegeko ry'umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka 2003 ni amategeko yemejwe n'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Queensland, atangira muri Mata 2004 kumenya, kurinda no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Leta ya Queensland
Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003: Itegeko ry'umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka 2003 ni amategeko yemejwe n'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Queensland, atangira muri Mata 2004 kumenya, kurinda no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Leta ya Queensland
The Indigenous Curatorial Collective: Abasangwabutaka ba Kuratori / Collectif des commissaires autochtones (IC / CA) ni umuryango w'ubuhanzi w'ubukorikori ukomoka muri Kanada utanga amahirwe y'iterambere ry'umwuga ku Basangwabutaka bo muri Kanada barimo, Amahanga ya mbere, abahanzi ba Inuit na Métis hamwe n'abashinzwe gukurikirana.
Aboriginal Day of Action: Umunsi w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka wari umunsi w'imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yateguwe n'amatsinda y'ibihugu by'Abanyakanada ku ya 29 Kamena 2007. Ibirori byabereye ku mbuga hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Day of Mourning (Australia): Umunsi w'icyunamo wari imyigaragambyo yakozwe n'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ku ya 26 Mutarama 1938, isabukuru y'imyaka 150 amato ya mbere ageze, yaranze intangiriro y'abakoloni ba Ositaraliya. Byatangajwe ko ari imyigaragambyo y'imyaka 150 yo gufatwa nabi no gufata ubutaka kandi bigamije guhurirana n'umunsi wo kwizihiza umunsi wa Ositaraliya wakozwe n'abaturage b'i Burayi na Ositaraliya kuri uwo munsi. Imyigaragambyo yabaye umuco, kandi iminsi y'icyunamo iba buri mwaka.
Aboriginal Day of Action: Umunsi w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka wari umunsi w'imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yateguwe n'amatsinda y'ibihugu by'Abanyakanada ku ya 29 Kamena 2007. Ibirori byabereye ku mbuga hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Aboriginal deaths in custody: Imfu z'abasangwabutaka bafunzwe ni ikibazo cya politiki n'imibereho myiza muri Ositaraliya. Ryazamutse cyane mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, aho abarwanashyaka b'Abasangwabutaka biyamamazaga nyuma y'urupfu rwa John Peter Pat w'imyaka 16 y'amavuko mu 1983. Urupfu rwakurikiyeho muri gereza, rufatwa nk'amakenga n'imiryango ya nyakwigendera, rwasojwe na komisiyo ishinzwe ubwami mu 1987 mu rupfu rw'abasangwabutaka. muri Gereza (RCIADIC).
Rubus aboriginum: Rubus aboriginum ni ubwoko bwa dewberry yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, izwi ku izina rya dewberry yo mu busitani na dewberry . Kimwe nizindi mbuto, ni ubwoko bwibimera byindabyo mumuryango wa roza, bifitanye isano na blackberry. Ikomoka muri Amerika no muri Megizike, cyane cyane mu Kibaya kinini cyo mu majyepfo hamwe n'abandi baturage batatanye mu burasirazuba bwa Amerika no muri Nuevo León.
The Dreaming: Inzozi , nanone zitwa Inzozi , ni ijambo ryakozwe n'abantu ba mbere ba antropropologue kugira ngo ryerekane imyumvire y'isi ishingiye ku idini-umuco ishingiye ku myizerere y'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. Yabanje gukoreshwa na Francis Gillen, yahise yemerwa na mugenzi we Baldwin Spencer hanyuma nyuma ikundwa na AP Elkin, ariko nyuma yaje kuvugurura ibitekerezo bye. Inzozi zikoreshwa mugushushanya imyumvire y'Abasangwabutaka ya Buri gihe mugihe igihugu cyari gituwe nabasekuruza, akenshi cyaba intwari cyangwa ubushobozi bwindengakamere. Iyi mibare akenshi yari itandukanye nimana kuko itagenzuraga isi yumubiri kandi ntabwo yasengwaga, ahubwo yubahwa gusa. Igitekerezo cya Dreamtime cyakurikijwe nyuma kirenze imiterere yambere ya Australiya kandi ubu kiri mumico ikunzwe kwisi yose.
Indigenous All Stars (rugby league): Ikipe y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ya rugby ni ikipe yumupira wamaguru ya rugby ihagarariye Aboriginal Australiya na Torres Strait Islanders. Iyi kipe yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1973, kuri ubu ikina mu mukino ngarukamwaka wa All Stars hamwe n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Rugby League NRL All Stars.
Aboriginal dugout canoe: n Aboriginal dugout ubwato bwateye imbere cyane mubuhanga bwa kato. Ubwato bwa Dugout bushobora kuba bwarakomeye, bwihuse, kandi bukora neza kuruta ubwoko bwabanjirije ubwato. Kuba Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya bakoresha ubwo bwato byazanye impinduka nyinshi mubikorwa byabo byo guhiga ndetse na societe.
Aboriginal English: Icyongereza Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza Icyongereza Aboriginal Icyongereza n Icyongereza Aboriginal muri Kanada \ n
Aboriginal English: Icyongereza Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza Icyongereza Aboriginal Icyongereza n Icyongereza Aboriginal muri Kanada \ n
Aboriginal English in Canada: Icyongereza kavukire , kizwi kandi ku izina rya First Nations Icyongereza , bivuga ubwoko bw'icyongereza bukoreshwa n'abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada. Bisa neza nicyongereza gisanzwe cyo muri Kanada ukurikije abatari abanyakanada. Ariko, baratandukanye bihagije nijambo nyamukuru ryabanyakanada bavuga ko abasangwabutaka bakunze kumenyekana nijambo ryabo kubatari abasangwabutaka. Ibyo ahanini ni ibisubizo by'ingaruka z'imvugo zitari Icyongereza zikomoka mu ndimi kavukire zifatanije n'amateka y'imiterere y'imiterere n'imibereho, kubera ko Aboriginal benshi baba mu baturage ba kure, mu majyaruguru, cyangwa ku bubiko bw'Ubuhinde.
Aboriginal English: Icyongereza Aboriginal barashobora kwerekeza Icyongereza Aboriginal Icyongereza n Icyongereza Aboriginal muri Kanada \ n
Aboriginal English in Canada: Icyongereza kavukire , kizwi kandi ku izina rya First Nations Icyongereza , bivuga ubwoko bw'icyongereza bukoreshwa n'abasangwabutaka bo muri Kanada. Bisa neza nicyongereza gisanzwe cyo muri Kanada ukurikije abatari abanyakanada. Ariko, baratandukanye bihagije nijambo nyamukuru ryabanyakanada bavuga ko abasangwabutaka bakunze kumenyekana nijambo ryabo kubatari abasangwabutaka. Ibyo ahanini ni ibisubizo by'ingaruka z'imvugo zitari Icyongereza zikomoka mu ndimi kavukire zifatanije n'amateka y'imiterere y'imiterere n'imibereho, kubera ko Aboriginal benshi baba mu baturage ba kure, mu majyaruguru, cyangwa ku bubiko bw'Ubuhinde.
Australian Aboriginal English: Icyongereza Aboriginal Icyongereza ( AAE ) ni imvugo yicyongereza cya Australiya ikoreshwa nigice kinini cyabasangwabutaka ba Australiya. Igizwe nubwoko butandukanye bwateye imbere mubice bitandukanye bya Australiya. Ubwoko butandukanye buvugwa ko buhuye nuburyo bukomeza buva kumiterere yumucyo, hafi yicyongereza gisanzwe cya Australiya, kugeza kumiterere iremereye, hafi ya Kriol. Muri rusange hari ibintu byihariye biranga imvugo, ikibonezamvugo, amagambo n'ibisobanuro, kimwe no gukoresha ururimi. AAE ntigomba kwitiranywa na Kriol, ururimi rutandukanye nicyongereza ruvugwa nabantu barenga 30.000 muri Ositaraliya. Abavuga rikijyana bagaragaye ko bakunda guhinduka hagati yuburyo butandukanye bwa AAE bitewe nuwo bavugana, urugero nko guharanira kuvuga cyane nkicyongereza cya Australiya mugihe bavugana numuntu utavuga Icyongereza kavukire. Ibi rimwe na rimwe byitwa diglossia kandi bikunze kugaragara mubasangwabutaka baba mu mijyi minini.
Ethnic groups in Europe: Abanyaburayi nibandwaho cyane ku moko y'iburayi, urwego rwa antropropologie ijyanye n'imiryango itandukanye kavukire iba mu bihugu by'Uburayi. Amatsinda arashobora gusobanurwa nubusekuruza rusange, ururimi rusanzwe, cyangwa byombi. Dukurikije monografiya yo mu Budage Minderheitenrechte muri Europa yateguwe na Pan na Pfeil (2002) hari abaturage 87 b'abasangwabutaka batandukanye bo mu Burayi , muri bo 33 bagize umubare munini w'amoko mu bihugu byibuze byigenga, mu gihe 54 basigaye bagize amoko mato. Umubare rusange w'abatuye igihugu cyangwa indimi mu Burayi bagera kuri miliyoni 105, ni ukuvuga 14% bya miliyoni 770 z'Abanyaburayi. Abarusiya ni bo batuwe cyane mu Banyaburayi, bafite abaturage barenga miliyoni 134. Ntabwo ari ibisobanuro byemewe kandi bisobanutse neza ku magambo \ "ubwoko \" na \ "ubwenegihugu \". Mu rwego rw'amoko y'iburayi by'umwihariko, ijambo amoko , abantu , ubwenegihugu n'amoko y'indimi-ndimi , rikoreshwa cyane cyane, nubwo ibyifuzo bishobora gutandukana mu mikoreshereze y'ibihe byihariye mu bihugu by'Uburayi.
Ethnic groups in Europe: Abanyaburayi nibandwaho cyane ku moko y'iburayi, urwego rwa antropropologie ijyanye n'imiryango itandukanye kavukire iba mu bihugu by'Uburayi. Amatsinda arashobora gusobanurwa nubusekuruza rusange, ururimi rusanzwe, cyangwa byombi. Dukurikije monografiya yo mu Budage Minderheitenrechte muri Europa yateguwe na Pan na Pfeil (2002) hari abaturage 87 b'abasangwabutaka batandukanye bo mu Burayi , muri bo 33 bagize umubare munini w'amoko mu bihugu byibuze byigenga, mu gihe 54 basigaye bagize amoko mato. Umubare rusange w'abatuye igihugu cyangwa indimi mu Burayi bagera kuri miliyoni 105, ni ukuvuga 14% bya miliyoni 770 z'Abanyaburayi. Abarusiya ni bo batuwe cyane mu Banyaburayi, bafite abaturage barenga miliyoni 134. Ntabwo ari ibisobanuro byemewe kandi bisobanutse neza ku magambo \ "ubwoko \" na \ "ubwenegihugu \". Mu rwego rw'amoko y'iburayi by'umwihariko, ijambo amoko , abantu , ubwenegihugu n'amoko y'indimi-ndimi , rikoreshwa cyane cyane, nubwo ibyifuzo bishobora gutandukana mu mikoreshereze y'ibihe byihariye mu bihugu by'Uburayi.
Aboriginal Evangelical Fellowship: nUbusabane bw'Abavugabutumwa b'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ( AEF ) ni umuryango w'Abakristu b'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya washinzwe muri Mutarama 1970, i Port Augusta, Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo.
Australian Aboriginal Flag: Ibendera rya Aboriginal rya Australiya ryerekana Abanyaustraliya. Ni rimwe mu mabendera yatangajwe ku mugaragaro ya Ositaraliya, kandi afite ubuzima gatozi na politiki. Bikunze gutwarwa hamwe nibendera ryigihugu hamwe nibendera rya Torres Strait Islander Island, naryo ni ibendera ryatangajwe kumugaragaro.
Aboriginal Gallery of Dreamings: Aboriginal Gallery of Dreamings ( AGOD ) ni ububiko bwubuhanzi i Cheltenham, Melbourne, Ositaraliya, bufite kandi bukoreshwa nuwakusanyije ibihangano Hank Ebes. Ryashinzwe mu 1990, ni rimwe mu bigali bya mbere byabereye i Melbourne byeguriwe rwose ibihangano by'Abasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal Healing Foundation: Aboriginal Healing Foundation yashinzwe mu 1998 nk'abasangwabutaka bayobowe, badaharanira inyungu baharanira gusubiza umurage w'amashuri atuye muri Kanada ndetse n'ingaruka z'ubuzima bw'abaturage. Inkunga yatanzwe na Aboriginal Healing Foundation yahagaritswe muri 2014.
Gynatrix pulchella: Gynatrix pulchella , igihuru cya herp cyangwa Aboriginal hemp , ni igihuru cy'indabyo cya dioecious mu muryango wa Malvaceae, cyanduye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya. Ikura kugera kuri metero 3 z'uburebure kandi ifite indabyo zera cyangwa cream. Ubwoko buboneka muri New South Wales, Umurwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya, Victoria na Tasmaniya.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972: n \ n \ nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 1972 ( AHA ) ni itegeko muri leta ya Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba rigenga kurengera ahantu nyaburanga ndangamuco. Itegeko rirengera ibibanza ndangamurage by'abasangwabutaka bo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya, byaba byanditswe mu ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi, ubutaka, n'umurage. Minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'abasangwabutaka ba WA agomba gutanga icyemezo ku gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose kizagira ingaruka mbi ku murage w'abasangwabutaka. Munsi ya AHA, Abasangwabutaka bafite akamaro gakomeye barashobora gutangazwa ahantu harinzwe. AHA itanga kandi uburinzi kubintu byabasangwabutaka.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988: n \ n \ nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 1988 ( AHA ) ni ryo tegeko ngenderwaho nyamukuru rya Ositaraliya yepfo rirengera no kubungabunga umurage w'abasangwabutaka. Yakuyeho kandi isimbuza itegeko ryo kubungabunga Aboriginal and Historic Relics Act 1965 , rikaba ariryo tegeko rya mbere rya leta ryarengera umurage w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988: n \ n \ nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 1988 ( AHA ) ni ryo tegeko ngenderwaho nyamukuru rya Ositaraliya yepfo rirengera no kubungabunga umurage w'abasangwabutaka. Yakuyeho kandi isimbuza itegeko ryo kubungabunga Aboriginal and Historic Relics Act 1965 , rikaba ariryo tegeko rya mbere rya leta ryarengera umurage w'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006: nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 2006 ( AHA ) rya leta ya Victoria, Ositaraliya ryashyizweho \ "hagamijwe kurinda umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Victoria \". Ryashyizeho Amashyaka y'Abasangwabutaka Yiyandikishije kugira ngo akore nka "abarinzi b'ibanze, abarinzi n'abafite ubumenyi bw'umurage ndangamuco w'Abasangwabutaka \". Barinda kandi bagacunga umurage wumuco w'Abasangwabutaka muri Victoria. Iri tegeko ryashyizeho kandi akanama gashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian hamwe n'igitabo cy'umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian, giha ububasha Abayobozi babifitiye ububasha n'abakozi bashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka, inashyiraho gahunda yo gucunga umurage ndangamuco (CHMPs) hamwe n'uruhushya rw'umurage ndangamuco, kugira ngo bayobore ibikorwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muco gakondo umurage.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006: nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 2006 ( AHA ) rya leta ya Victoria, Ositaraliya ryashyizweho \ "hagamijwe kurinda umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Victoria \". Ryashyizeho Amashyaka y'Abasangwabutaka Yiyandikishije kugira ngo akore nka "abarinzi b'ibanze, abarinzi n'abafite ubumenyi bw'umurage ndangamuco w'Abasangwabutaka \". Barinda kandi bagacunga umurage wumuco w'Abasangwabutaka muri Victoria. Iri tegeko ryashyizeho kandi akanama gashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian hamwe n'igitabo cy'umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian, giha ububasha Abayobozi babifitiye ububasha n'abakozi bashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka, inashyiraho gahunda yo gucunga umurage ndangamuco (CHMPs) hamwe n'uruhushya rw'umurage ndangamuco, kugira ngo bayobore ibikorwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muco gakondo umurage.
Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006: nItegeko ry'umurage w'abasangwabutaka 2006 ( AHA ) rya leta ya Victoria, Ositaraliya ryashyizweho \ "hagamijwe kurinda umurage ndangamuco w'abasangwabutaka muri Victoria \". Ryashyizeho Amashyaka y'Abasangwabutaka Yiyandikishije kugira ngo akore nka "abarinzi b'ibanze, abarinzi n'abafite ubumenyi bw'umurage ndangamuco w'Abasangwabutaka \". Barinda kandi bagacunga umurage wumuco w'Abasangwabutaka muri Victoria. Iri tegeko ryashyizeho kandi akanama gashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian hamwe n'igitabo cy'umurage w'abasangwabutaka ba Victorian, giha ububasha Abayobozi babifitiye ububasha n'abakozi bashinzwe umurage w'abasangwabutaka, inashyiraho gahunda yo gucunga umurage ndangamuco (CHMPs) hamwe n'uruhushya rw'umurage ndangamuco, kugira ngo bayobore ibikorwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muco gakondo umurage.
Australian Aboriginal sacred site: Ikibanza cyera c'Abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya ni ahantu hafatwa nk'ingirakamaro kandi hasobanutse n'Abanyaustraliya ba Aboriginal bashingiye ku myizerere yabo. Irashobora gushiramo ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mubitaka, no mubice byinyanja, ibyo birashobora kuryama mumazi. Urubuga ruhagaze rukomoka ku ishyirahamwe rifitanye isano na bimwe mu mico gakondo n'umuco, bifitanye isano n'ibisekuruza, hamwe bizwi nka Dreamtime, waremye ibintu bifatika ndetse n'imibereho yisi. Urubuga rushobora kubuzwa kwinjira rushingiye ku gitsina, umuryango cyangwa andi matsinda y'Abasangwabutaka, cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Aboriginal History: Amateka y'Abasangwabutaka ni ikinyamakuru ngarukamwaka cyasuzumwe n'urungano rw'amasomo cyasohowe nkikinyamakuru gifunguye cyanditswe na Aboriginal History Inc. Yashinzwe mu 1977 kandi gikubiyemo ubushakashatsi bw'amateka atandukanye mu bijyanye n'imikoranire hagati y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander hamwe n'abatari Abasangwabutaka. . Ikinyamakuru cyasobanuwe nk "... ibendera ryumurima wamateka yabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. \"
Aboriginal History: Amateka y'Abasangwabutaka ni ikinyamakuru ngarukamwaka cyasuzumwe n'urungano rw'amasomo cyasohowe nkikinyamakuru gifunguye cyanditswe na Aboriginal History Inc. Yashinzwe mu 1977 kandi gikubiyemo ubushakashatsi bw'amateka atandukanye mu bijyanye n'imikoranire hagati y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya na Torres Strait Islander hamwe n'abatari Abasangwabutaka. . Ikinyamakuru cyasobanuwe nk "... ibendera ryumurima wamateka yabasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya. \"