Abietic acid

Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies durangensis: Abies durangensis ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango Pinaceae. Byasobanuwe na botanike na Maximino Martínez mu 1942 kandi biboneka muri Mexico gusa.
Abies nordmanniana: Abies nordmanniana , firigo ya Nordmann cyangwa Caucase , ni firigo kavukire kumusozi mumajyepfo no muburasirazuba bwinyanja yumukara , muri Turukiya, Jeworujiya na Caucase yu Burusiya. Biboneka ku butumburuke bwa m 900-22,200 m kumusozi ufite imvura irenga mm 1.000.
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies fabri: Abies fabri ni ubwoko bwimyororokere mumuryango Pinaceae. Ni icyorezo cya Sichuan mu burengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, kibera ku musozi wera wa Emei Shan no mu burengerazuba kugera kuri misa ya Gongga Shan, gikura ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.54-4,000 (4,900–13,100 ft).
Abies beshanzuensis: Abies beshanzuensis ni ubwoko bwumuriro mumuryango Pinaceae. Ni icyorezo cya Mt. Baishanzu mu majyepfo y'intara ya Zhejiang mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, aho ikura ku burebure bwa metero 1.850 kandi ikaba ibangamiwe n'ikusanyamakuru n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Urubuga ruri muri Fengyangshan - Baishanzu National Nature Reserve. Abies beshanzuensis yashyizwe mubikorwa nkibangamiwe cyane nurutonde rutukura rwa IUCN.
Abies beshanzuensis: Abies beshanzuensis ni ubwoko bwumuriro mumuryango Pinaceae. Ni icyorezo cya Mt. Baishanzu mu majyepfo y'intara ya Zhejiang mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, aho ikura ku burebure bwa metero 1.850 kandi ikaba ibangamiwe n'ikusanyamakuru n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Urubuga ruri muri Fengyangshan - Baishanzu National Nature Reserve. Abies beshanzuensis yashyizwe mubikorwa nkibangamiwe cyane nurutonde rutukura rwa IUCN.
Abies fanjingshanensis: Abies fanjingshanensis ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango wa Pinaceae.nBuboneka mu Bushinwa gusa, ku musozi wa Fanjing mu Ntara ya Guizhou.Bibangamiwe no gutakaza aho gutura.
Abies fargesii: Abies fargesii ni ubwoko bwumuriro , igiti cyimeza mumuryango Pinaceae. Izina ryayo risanzwe ni firigo ya Farges , nyuma yubumisiyonari w'Abafaransa, ibimera n'ibiti by'ibimera, Paul Guillaume Farges. Abies fargesii irashobora gukura nini cyane kandi igera kuri metero 40 z'uburebure. Ni icyorezo mu Bushinwa bwo hagati aho kiboneka mu ntara za Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, na Sichuan. Ikurira mumisozi no mubibaya byinzuzi ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1.500-3900 (4,900–12,800 ft) ASL. Imirongo ya firimu yatanzwe ni 0.8 kugeza 1.5 kuri santimetero 1,3-2 (0.51–0,79 muri).
Abies fargesii: Abies fargesii ni ubwoko bwumuriro , igiti cyimeza mumuryango Pinaceae. Izina ryayo risanzwe ni firigo ya Farges , nyuma yubumisiyonari w'Abafaransa, ibimera n'ibiti by'ibimera, Paul Guillaume Farges. Abies fargesii irashobora gukura nini cyane kandi igera kuri metero 40 z'uburebure. Ni icyorezo mu Bushinwa bwo hagati aho kiboneka mu ntara za Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, na Sichuan. Ikurira mumisozi no mubibaya byinzuzi ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1.500-3900 (4,900–12,800 ft) ASL. Imirongo ya firimu yatanzwe ni 0.8 kugeza 1.5 kuri santimetero 1,3-2 (0.51–0,79 muri).
Abies firma: Abies firma , momi fir , ni ubwoko bwumuriro ukomoka mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo yUbuyapani, ukura ku butumburuke buke kandi buringaniye bwa m 50-1600.
Abies flinckii: Abies flinckii , bakunze kwita firigo ya Jalisco , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu bwoko bwa Abies . Ikomoka mu burengerazuba no hagati ya Mexico.
Abies forrestii: Abies forrestii ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango Pinaceae, wanduye mu Bushinwa. Yiswe umuhanga mu bimera w'ibimera n'umuhigi w'ibimera George Forrest (1873–1932), wavumbuye ubumenyi bwa burengerazuba mu ntara ya Yunnan. Amazina asanzwe arimo firime ya Forrest .
Fraser fir: Fraser fir ni ubwoko bwumuriro ukomoka mumisozi ya Appalachian yo mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Amerika.
Abies religiosa: Abies religiosa , firigo ya oyamel cyangwa firimu yera , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yo hagati na majyepfo ya Mexico ndetse na Guatemala yuburengerazuba. Irakura ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,100–4,100 (6,900-13.500) mu mashyamba yibicu hamwe nimpeshyi ikonje, yubushyuhe nubukonje bwumye mubice byinshi byubutegetsi bwayo. Muri leta ya Veracruz, ikura hamwe nimvura umwaka wose. Igiti kirwanya urubura rusanzwe.
Abies grandis: Abies grandis ni firigo ikomoka muri pasifika y'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba na Californiya y'Amajyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ibera ku butumburuke bw'inyanja kugera kuri m 1.800. Nibintu byingenzi bigize Grand Fir / Douglas Fir Ecoregion ya Range ya Cascade.
Larix griffithii: Larix griffithii , ibinyomoro bya Sikkim , ni ubwoko bw'inzoka, ikomoka mu burasirazuba bwa Himalaya mu burasirazuba bwa Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutani y'iburengerazuba no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa (Xizang), ikura ku butumburuke bwa metero 1800-4100.
Abies guatemalensis: Abies guatemalensis , firimu ya Guatemala cyangwa pinabete , ni igiti cyatsi kibisi kavukire muri Amerika yo Hagati kandi ni umunyamuryango w'amajyepfo wo mu bwoko bwa Abies ukwirakwizwa mu majyepfo munsi ya 14 ° N. Urwego rwacyo ruva mu majyepfo ya Mexico mu majyaruguru rugana Honduras na El Salvador mu majyepfo. Ni igiti gikunda ubushyuhe kandi gikunda ubushuhe bwo mu misozi yo mu turere dushyuha kandi kavanze n'amashyamba y'ibicu bivanze muri ibi bihugu. Igiti cya Guatemala ni igiti hafi ya cyose kitarwanya ubukonje. Bitewe no gutema no gutakaza aho uba, igiti gifatwa nkigikangisho kandi kirinzwe muri CITES Umugereka wa I.
Abies guatemalensis: Abies guatemalensis , firimu ya Guatemala cyangwa pinabete , ni igiti cyatsi kibisi kavukire muri Amerika yo Hagati kandi ni umunyamuryango w'amajyepfo wo mu bwoko bwa Abies ukwirakwizwa mu majyepfo munsi ya 14 ° N. Urwego rwacyo ruva mu majyepfo ya Mexico mu majyaruguru rugana Honduras na El Salvador mu majyepfo. Ni igiti gikunda ubushyuhe kandi gikunda ubushuhe bwo mu misozi yo mu turere dushyuha kandi kavanze n'amashyamba y'ibicu bivanze muri ibi bihugu. Igiti cya Guatemala ni igiti hafi ya cyose kitarwanya ubukonje. Bitewe no gutema no gutakaza aho uba, igiti gifatwa nkigikangisho kandi kirinzwe muri CITES Umugereka wa I.
Abies hickelii: Abies hickelii ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango Pinaceae.
Abies hidalgensis: Abies hidalgensis ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango wa pinusi, Pinaceae. Ni icyorezo muri Mexico, aho kizwi gusa muri leta ya Hidalgo.
Abies holophylla: Abies holophylla , nanone bita firigo inshinge cyangwa Manchurian fir , ni ubwoko bwumuriro ukomoka mu turere tw'imisozi yo mu majyaruguru ya Koreya, Amajyepfo ya Ussuriland, n'Ubushinwa mu ntara za Heilongjiang, Jilin, na Liaoning.
Abies homolepis: Abies homolepis , firigo ya Nikko ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yo hagati na majyepfo ya Honshū na Shikoku, mu Buyapani. Irakura ku butumburuke bwa m 700-22,200, akenshi mu ishyamba ryimvura rishyushye hamwe nimvura nyinshi hamwe nimbeho ikonje, icyi cyinshi, hamwe nimbeho nyinshi.
Abies homolepis: Abies homolepis , firigo ya Nikko ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yo hagati na majyepfo ya Honshū na Shikoku, mu Buyapani. Irakura ku butumburuke bwa m 700-22,200, akenshi mu ishyamba ryimvura rishyushye hamwe nimvura nyinshi hamwe nimbeho ikonje, icyi cyinshi, hamwe nimbeho nyinshi.
Abies balsamea: Abies balsamea cyangwa balsam fir ni firigo yo muri Amerika ya ruguru, ikomoka mu bice byinshi byo mu burasirazuba no hagati muri Kanada no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Amerika.
Abies fargesii: Abies fargesii ni ubwoko bwumuriro , igiti cyimeza mumuryango Pinaceae. Izina ryayo risanzwe ni firigo ya Farges , nyuma yubumisiyonari w'Abafaransa, ibimera n'ibiti by'ibimera, Paul Guillaume Farges. Abies fargesii irashobora gukura nini cyane kandi igera kuri metero 40 z'uburebure. Ni icyorezo mu Bushinwa bwo hagati aho kiboneka mu ntara za Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, na Sichuan. Ikurira mumisozi no mubibaya byinzuzi ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1.500-3900 (4,900–12,800 ft) ASL. Imirongo ya firimu yatanzwe ni 0.8 kugeza 1.5 kuri santimetero 1,3-2 (0.51–0,79 muri).
Abies kawakamii: Abies kawakamii ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango Pinaceae.nBuboneka muri Tayiwani gusa. Bwa mbere wasobanuwe mu 1908 na Bunzō Hayata nk'Abies mariesii banyuranye , umusozi muremure ukomoka mu Buyapani; umwaka utaha yazamuwe ku ntera y'ibinyabuzima na Tokutarô Itô. Abies kawakamii akomoka mu kirwa cya Tayiwani gusa, kandi ni umwe mu muriro w'amajyepfo. Nubwoko bwimisozi miremire iboneka mumajyaruguru no hagati ya Tayiwani ahantu hirengeye hagati ya m 2400 na 3800 ifatanije nibindi bimera bituje, ibimera byiganjemo, harimo na Juniperus formosana var. formosana , Tsuga formosana , na Juniperus morrisonicola .
Abies koreana: Abies koreana , firigo yo muri koreya , ni ubwoko bwumuriro ukomoka mumisozi miremire ya Koreya yepfo, harimo ikirwa cya Jeju. Irakura ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.000.900 (3,300–6,200 ft) mu mashyamba yimvura ashyushye hamwe nimvura nyinshi hamwe nimbeho ikonje, icyi cyinshi, hamwe n urubura rwinshi.
Abies lasiocarpa: Abies lasiocarpa , fir subalpine fir cyangwa Rocky Mountain fir , nigiti cyiburengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.
Picea glauca: Picea glauca , ibimera byera , ni ubwoko bwibimera bikomoka mu majyaruguru y'amashyamba ashyushye kandi y'ibiti muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Picea glauca yakomokaga muri Alaska rwagati mu burasirazuba, hakurya y'amajyepfo / hagati ya Kanada kugera muri Avalon Peninsula muri Newfoundland. Ubu bimaze kumenyekana mu majyepfo kugera mu majyaruguru ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ku mipaka nka Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Vermont, New Hampshire na Maine; hari kandi abaturage bonyine mu misozi yirabura ya Dakota yepfo na Wyoming. Bizwi kandi nk'ibimera byo muri Kanada , ibibyimba bya skunk , ibimera by'injangwe , ibimera bya Black Hills , ibimera byera byo mu burengerazuba , ibimera byera bya Alberta , n'ibiti bya Porsild .
Picea likiangensis: Picea likiangensis ni ubwoko bwibimera biboneka muri Bhutani no mu Bushinwa. Umubare wacyo wagabanutseho 30% mumyaka 75 mugutema ibiti, bityo amoko rero ashyirwa mubyiciro byugarijwe na IUCN.
Abies concolor: Abies concolor , firigo yera , nigiti cyimeza mumuryango wa pinusi Pinaceae. Iki giti kiva mu misozi yo mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru uhereye mu majyepfo ya Cascade muri Oregon, mu majyepfo ya Kaliforuniya no muri Siyera de San Pedro Mártir mu majyaruguru ya Baja California; iburasirazuba unyuze mu bice byo mu majyepfo ya Idaho, kugera Wyoming; n'amajyepfo mu kibaya cya Colorado no mu majyepfo y'imisozi ya Rocky muri Utah na Colorado, no mu misozi yitaruye yo mu majyepfo ya Arizona, New Mexico ndetse n'amajyaruguru ya Mexico. Umuriro wera ubaho imyaka irenga 300 kandi mubisanzwe bibaho ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 900-34.400 (2,950–11,200 ft).
Abies magnifica: Abies magnifica , firimu itukura cyangwa silvertip fir , ni firimu yuburengerazuba bwa Amerika ya ruguru, ikomoka mu misozi yo mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bwa Oregon na Californiya muri Amerika. Nibiti birebire cyane, mubisanzwe biboneka kuri metero 1,400-22.700 (4,600-89.900), nubwo bidakunze kugera kumurongo wibiti. Izina umutuku utukura ukomoka kumabara y'ibiti bishaje.
Picea mariana: Picea mariana , ibimera byirabura , ni ubwoko bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bwibiti by'ibiti mu muryango wa pinusi. Irakwirakwiriye muri Kanada, iboneka mu ntara 10 zose hamwe nintara zose uko ari 3. Ni igiti cyemewe cyintara ya Newfoundland na Labrador kandi nicyo giti kinini cyane cyintara. Urutonde rwibiti byirabura rugera mu majyaruguru y'Amerika: muri Alaska, mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari, no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Nibice bikunze kubaho kuri biome izwi nka taiga cyangwa ishyamba rya boreal.
Abies mariesii: Abies mariesii ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yo hagati na majyaruguru ya Honshū, mu Buyapani. Ikura ku butumburuke bwa metero 750–1,900 mu majyaruguru ya Honshū, na 1.800-22.900 m hagati ya Honshū rwagati, buri gihe mu ishyamba ry'imvura rishyushye hamwe n'imvura nyinshi n'imvura ikonje, izuba ryinshi, n'imvura nyinshi cyane.
Abies pinsapo: Abies pinsapo , firigo yo muri Espagne , ni ubwoko bwibiti mu muryango Pinaceae, ukomoka mu majyepfo ya Esipanye no mu majyaruguru ya Maroc. Bifitanye isano nandi moko yumuriro wa Mediterane,
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Larix laricina: Larix laricina , izwi cyane ku izina rya tamarack , hackmatack , iburasirazuba , ibishishwa byirabura , ibara ritukura , cyangwa ibinyamerika , ni ubwoko bw'ibinyomoro bikomoka muri Kanada, kuva mu burasirazuba bwa Yukon na Inuvik, Intara y'Amajyaruguru y'iburengerazuba ugana Newfoundland, ndetse no mu majyepfo mu majyepfo. ruguru y'amajyaruguru y'Amerika kuva Minnesota kugera mu gishanga cya Cranesville, Virginie y'Uburengerazuba; hari kandi abaturage bonyine muri Alaska rwagati. Ijambo akemantak ni izina rya Algonquian ryubwoko kandi risobanura "ibiti bikoreshwa mu rubura \".
Abies milleri: Abies milleri , ubwoko bwa firimu yazimye izwi mu bisigazwa by'ibimera biboneka mu bubiko kuva mu ntangiriro ya Eocene Ypresian yo muri Leta ya Washington, muri Amerika, ni yo nyandiko ya kera yemejwe ku bwoko bwa fir.
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies minor: n \ n Abies ntoya ni taxonomic synonyme ishobora kwerekeza kuri: Abies ntoya Duhamel ex Gordon = Abies balsamea \ n Abies bato Gilib. = Abies alba
Abies nebrodensis: Abies nebrodensis , firigo ya Sisiliyani , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi ya Madonie mumajyaruguru ya Sisile.
Abies durangensis: Abies durangensis ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango Pinaceae. Byasobanuwe na botanike na Maximino Martínez mu 1942 kandi biboneka muri Mexico gusa.
Abies nephrolepis: Abies nephrolepis , bakunze kwita Khingan fir , ni ubwoko bw'amashyamba akomoka mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, Koreya y'Amajyaruguru, Koreya y'Epfo, ndetse no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburusiya.
Picea mariana: Picea mariana , ibimera byirabura , ni ubwoko bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bwibiti by'ibiti mu muryango wa pinusi. Irakwirakwiriye muri Kanada, iboneka mu ntara 10 zose hamwe nintara zose uko ari 3. Ni igiti cyemewe cyintara ya Newfoundland na Labrador kandi nicyo giti kinini cyane cyintara. Urutonde rwibiti byirabura rugera mu majyaruguru y'Amerika: muri Alaska, mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari, no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Nibice bikunze kubaho kuri biome izwi nka taiga cyangwa ishyamba rya boreal.
Abies procera: Abies procera , fir nziza , nanone yitwa firimu itukura nigiti cya Noheri , ni firimu yo mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ikomoka mu misozi ya Cascade Range na Coast Range yo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kaliforuniya no mu burengerazuba bwa Oregon na Washington muri Amerika. Ni igiti cyo hejuru cyane, gikunze kugaragara kuri metero 300-15.500 (980-4,920 ft), gusa ni gake kigera kumurongo wibiti.
Abies nordmanniana: Abies nordmanniana , firigo ya Nordmann cyangwa Caucase , ni firigo kavukire kumusozi mumajyepfo no muburasirazuba bwinyanja yumukara , muri Turukiya, Jeworujiya na Caucase yu Burusiya. Biboneka ku butumburuke bwa m 900-22,200 m kumusozi ufite imvura irenga mm 1.000.
Abies numidica: Abies numidica , firigo yo muri Alijeriya , ni ubwoko bwa firimu iboneka muri Alijeriya gusa, aho yanduye kuri Djebel Babor, umusozi wa kabiri muremure muri Alijeriya Bwira Atlas.
List of Abies of Denmark:
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies pindrow: Abies pindrow , pindrow fir cyangwa iburengerazuba bwa Himalaya , ni firigo ikomoka mu burengerazuba bwa Himalaya n'imisozi yegeranye, kuva mu majyaruguru y'amajyaruguru ya Afuganisitani iburasirazuba unyuze mu majyaruguru ya Pakisitani n'Ubuhinde kugera muri Nepal rwagati.
Abies pinsapo: Abies pinsapo , firigo yo muri Espagne , ni ubwoko bwibiti mu muryango Pinaceae, ukomoka mu majyepfo ya Esipanye no mu majyaruguru ya Maroc. Bifitanye isano nandi moko yumuriro wa Mediterane,
Abies pinsapo: Abies pinsapo , firigo yo muri Espagne , ni ubwoko bwibiti mu muryango Pinaceae, ukomoka mu majyepfo ya Esipanye no mu majyaruguru ya Maroc. Bifitanye isano nandi moko yumuriro wa Mediterane,
Picea torano: Picea torano , bakunze kwita tigertail spruce , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu bwoko bwa Picea . Ni kavukire mu Buyapani.
Abies procera: Abies procera , fir nziza , nanone yitwa firimu itukura nigiti cya Noheri , ni firimu yo mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ikomoka mu misozi ya Cascade Range na Coast Range yo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kaliforuniya no mu burengerazuba bwa Oregon na Washington muri Amerika. Ni igiti cyo hejuru cyane, gikunze kugaragara kuri metero 300-15.500 (980-4,920 ft), gusa ni gake kigera kumurongo wibiti.
Abies recurvata: Abies recurvata ni ubwoko bwa conifer mumuryango Pinaceae. Biboneka mu Bushinwa gusa. Abies reduvata nubwoko butandukanye bwumuriro busanzwe buzwi ninshinge kubayobozi bayo ahanini byagarutsweho cyangwa byahinduwe. Biboneka mu turere twumutse, hakonje cyane two mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa mu ntara za Sichuan na Gansu ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 2300 na 3600, ubusanzwe ku bitare by'umuyaga cyangwa mu mibande yimbitse. Rimwe na rimwe, nanone, igaragara no muri scrub yumye kumusozi ugaragara. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa conifer burimo Juniperus convallium , Juniperus formosana var. mairei , Juniperus squamata var. fargesii , Juniperus tibetica , Picea asperata , na Picea wilsonii . Abies recurvata nigiti gito kandi giciriritse cyane cyane gifite ikamba rya conique, rimwe na rimwe rikagera ku burebure bwa m 40, na diameter yumutwe wa metero 0.8. Ifite ibara ryijimye cyangwa ryijimye ryijimye, ubanza kumeneka mumasahani yoroheje, rihinduka imvi-umukara kandi ritandukana mubisahani. Amashami afite ibara ryera-ryera cyangwa umuhondo werurutse ufite santimetero 1,2-2,5 (0,47–0,98 muri) inshinge ndende zirambuye zitambitse ku mashami y'igicucu, zikwirakwira ku mashami yera; akenshi umubyimba kandi usubirwamo, icyatsi kibisi cyijimye hejuru kandi gishyizwe hamwe na stoma-imirongo, hamwe na 2 yoroheje yijimye-icyatsi kibisi munsi. Abies recurvata ifite santimetero 4-8 (1.6-3.1 muri) ovoid ndende cyangwa silindrike-ovoid, imvi cyangwa ibara ry'ubururu; uduce duto ni ngufi kurenza umunzani, ushizemo cyangwa hamwe ninama zerekanwe gato.
Abies religiosa: Abies religiosa , firigo ya oyamel cyangwa firimu yera , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yo hagati na majyepfo ya Mexico ndetse na Guatemala yuburengerazuba. Irakura ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,100–4,100 (6,900-13.500) mu mashyamba yibicu hamwe nimpeshyi ikonje, yubushyuhe nubukonje bwumye mubice byinshi byubutegetsi bwayo. Muri leta ya Veracruz, ikura hamwe nimvura umwaka wose. Igiti kirwanya urubura rusanzwe.
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Picea glauca: Picea glauca , ibimera byera , ni ubwoko bwibimera bikomoka mu majyaruguru y'amashyamba ashyushye kandi y'ibiti muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Picea glauca yakomokaga muri Alaska rwagati mu burasirazuba, hakurya y'amajyepfo / hagati ya Kanada kugera muri Avalon Peninsula muri Newfoundland. Ubu bimaze kumenyekana mu majyepfo kugera mu majyaruguru ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ku mipaka nka Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Vermont, New Hampshire na Maine; hari kandi abaturage bonyine mu misozi yirabura ya Dakota yepfo na Wyoming. Bizwi kandi nk'ibimera byo muri Kanada , ibibyimba bya skunk , ibimera by'injangwe , ibimera bya Black Hills , ibimera byera byo mu burengerazuba , ibimera byera bya Alberta , n'ibiti bya Porsild .
Abies sachalinensis: Abies sachalinensis , firigo ya Sakhalin , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango wa Pinaceae. Iboneka mu kirwa cya Sakhalin no mu majyepfo ya Kurils (Uburusiya), no mu majyaruguru ya Hokkaido (Ubuyapani). nUbuvumbuzi bwa mbere bwakozwe n'umunyaburayi bwakozwe na Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832-1908), umuhanga mu bimera w'ibimera byo mu Budage bwa Baltique, ku kirwa cy'Uburusiya cya Sakhalin mu 1866, ariko ntiyabimenyekanisha mu Burayi. Uruganda rwongeye kuvumburwa n'umushinga w'ibihingwa by'icyongereza, Charles Maries mu 1877 hafi ya Aomori ku kirwa kinini cy'Ubuyapani cya Honshū, wabanje gutekereza ko ari Abies veitchii zitandukanye . Abies nephrolepis (khingan fir) izwiho kuba umuvandimwe wa hafi. Bikaba biri kumugabane wuburengerazuba bwiburengerazuba bwa firigo ya Sakhalin.
Abies bracteata: Abies bracteata , firigo ya Santa Lucia cyangwa bristlecone , ni firigo idakunze kubaho kandi ikwirakwizwa cyane muri Amerika ya ruguru, kandi nkuko bamwe babibona ku isi. Igarukira ahantu hahanamye cyane no mu nsi ya kanyoni zo mu misozi ya Santa Lucia, mu karere ka Big Sur ku nkombe yo hagati ya Californiya, Amerika.
Abies chensiensis: Abies chensiensis , firigo ya Shensi , ni firigo ikomoka muri Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan mu Bushinwa na Arunachal Pradesh mu Buhinde. Byasobanuwe bwa mbere na Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem mu 1892.
Abies sibirica: Abies sibirica , firigo yo muri Siberiya , ni igiti cyimeza cyatsi kibisi kiva muri taiga iburasirazuba bwumugezi wa Woligariya no mumajyepfo ya 67 ° 40 'Amajyaruguru ya ruguru muri Siberiya unyuze muri Turukiya, mu majyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwa Sinayi, Mongoliya na Heilongjiang.
Fir: Firs ( Abies ) ni ubwoko bwubwoko 48-56 bwibiti byimeza byatsi bibisi mumuryango Pinaceae. Baboneka muri byinshi muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru na Hagati, Uburayi, Aziya, na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, bibera mu misozi hafi ya yose. Umuriro ufitanye isano cyane nubwoko bwa Cedrus (imyerezi). Douglas firs ntabwo arukuri kwukuri, kuba mubwoko bwa Pseudotsuga .
Abies spectabilis: Abies spectabilis , firimu ya Himalaya y'Iburasirazuba , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango Pinaceae n'ubwoko bwa Abies . Rimwe na rimwe bifatwa kugirango ushiremo firigo ya Bhutani nkuburyo butandukanye. Iboneka muri Afuganisitani, Ubushinwa (Tibet), Amajyaruguru y'Ubuhinde, Nepal, na Pakisitani. Ni igiti kinini, gifite metero 50 z'uburebure.
Abies densa: Abies densa , firigo ya Bhutani , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango wa Pinaceae. Rimwe na rimwe bishyirwa muburasirazuba bwa Himalaya nkibintu bitandukanye.
Abies squamata: Abies squamata ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango wa Pinaceae.nIyi firigo ikunze kugaragara mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'ikibaya cya Tibet (Ubushinwa) ku butumburuke bwa metero 3200 kugera ku murongo w'ibiti muri m 4400. Yiganje kumisozi ireba Amajyaruguru kandi akenshi ikura hamwe nimbuto ya Balfour, Picea balfouriana . Gutema ibiti bya leta byariyongereye kugeza igihe ibiti byo gutema ibiti mu 1998 byagabanije guhagarara neza. Gutema amashyamba nyuma yo kubuzwa byari byiganjemo ibimera, kubera ko Abies squamata ishobora kwibasirwa n'ibiti bityo ikangwa n'ibiro bya leta by'amashyamba. Gukura byiganjemo abanyamuryango ba Rhododendron . Abanyatibetani baho bazi iyi firigo nka \ "bollo \", ariko iryo jambo ni ijambo rusange ryumuriro nisoko.
Abies fargesii: Abies fargesii ni ubwoko bwumuriro , igiti cyimeza mumuryango Pinaceae. Izina ryayo risanzwe ni firigo ya Farges , nyuma yubumisiyonari w'Abafaransa, ibimera n'ibiti by'ibimera, Paul Guillaume Farges. Abies fargesii irashobora gukura nini cyane kandi igera kuri metero 40 z'uburebure. Ni icyorezo mu Bushinwa bwo hagati aho kiboneka mu ntara za Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, na Sichuan. Ikurira mumisozi no mubibaya byinzuzi ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1.500-3900 (4,900–12,800 ft) ASL. Imirongo ya firimu yatanzwe ni 0.8 kugeza 1.5 kuri santimetero 1,3-2 (0.51–0,79 muri).
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Picea torano: Picea torano , bakunze kwita tigertail spruce , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu bwoko bwa Picea . Ni kavukire mu Buyapani.
Abies veitchii: Abies veitchii , izwi kandi ku izina rya silver-fir ya Veitch , ni firigo ikomoka mu Buyapani ku birwa bya Honshū na Shikoku. Ituye mu butaka butose mu mashyamba akonje yo mu misozi miremire ku butumburuke bwa metero 1500-22800. Ihanganira igicucu cyane iyo ikiri nto, ariko ntabwo iramba.
Abies vejarii: Abies vejarii ni ubwoko bwa fir kavukire mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Mexico, muri leta ya Coahuila na Nuevo León, aho ikurira ku butumburuke buri mu burasirazuba bwa Siyera Madre.
Picea glauca: Picea glauca , ibimera byera , ni ubwoko bwibimera bikomoka mu majyaruguru y'amashyamba ashyushye kandi y'ibiti muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Picea glauca yakomokaga muri Alaska rwagati mu burasirazuba, hakurya y'amajyepfo / hagati ya Kanada kugera muri Avalon Peninsula muri Newfoundland. Ubu bimaze kumenyekana mu majyepfo kugera mu majyaruguru ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ku mipaka nka Montana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Vermont, New Hampshire na Maine; hari kandi abaturage bonyine mu misozi yirabura ya Dakota yepfo na Wyoming. Bizwi kandi nk'ibimera byo muri Kanada , ibibyimba bya skunk , ibimera by'injangwe , ibimera bya Black Hills , ibimera byera byo mu burengerazuba , ibimera byera bya Alberta , n'ibiti bya Porsild .
Abies alba: Abies alba , firimu ya feza cyangwa ifeza yuburayi , ni firigo ikomoka mumisozi yuburayi, kuva Pyrenees mumajyaruguru ugana Normandy, iburasirazuba ugana kuri Alpes na Karipati, Sloweniya, Korowasiya, Bosiniya na Herzegovina, Montenegro, Seribiya, namajyepfo mu Butaliyani, Buligariya, Kosovo, Alubaniya no mu majyaruguru y'Ubugereki; ikunze kandi guhingwa ku biti bya Noheri mu karere k'amajyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika ya Ruguru izenguruka Ubwongereza bushya muri Amerika kugeza mu ntara zo mu nyanja za Kanada.
Abies spectabilis: Abies spectabilis , firimu ya Himalaya y'Iburasirazuba , ni ubwoko bw'inyamanswa mu muryango Pinaceae n'ubwoko bwa Abies . Rimwe na rimwe bifatwa kugirango ushiremo firigo ya Bhutani nkuburyo butandukanye. Iboneka muri Afuganisitani, Ubushinwa (Tibet), Amajyaruguru y'Ubuhinde, Nepal, na Pakisitani. Ni igiti kinini, gifite metero 50 z'uburebure.
Abies yuanbaoshanensis: Abies yuanbaoshanensis ni ubwoko bwibiti bya firimu mumuryango Pinaceae. Biboneka gusa mu misozi ya Yuanbao iri mu ntara ya Guangxi mu Bushinwa. Nubwoko bugeramiwe cyane. Bigereranijwe ko ibiti 700 byonyine bibaho, harimo ningemwe
Abies ziyuanensis: Abies ziyuanensis ni ubwoko bwa fir, conifer mumuryango Pinaceae. Birazwi gusa mu bice bine byo mu ntara za Guangxi na Hunan mu Bushinwa. A. ziyuanensis ifitanye isano na Abies beshanzuensis , ikindi cyorezo cyugarije Ubushinwa.
Abies × sibiriconephrolepis: Abies × sibiriconephrolepis nubwoko bwimvange bwibiti bikura nkumusaraba karemano wa Abies nephrolepis na Abies sibirica . Bimaze kuvumburwa mu majyaruguru ya Heilongjiang mu Bushinwa.
Abies × sibiriconephrolepis: Abies × sibiriconephrolepis nubwoko bwimvange bwibiti bikura nkumusaraba karemano wa Abies nephrolepis na Abies sibirica . Bimaze kuvumburwa mu majyaruguru ya Heilongjiang mu Bushinwa.
Abi-Eshuh: Abī-Ešuḫ yari umwami wa 8 w'ingoma ya 1 y'i Babuloni maze ategeka imyaka 28 kuva ca. 1648–1620 mbere ya Yesu cyangwa 1711–1684 mbere ya Yesu. Yabanjirijwe na Samsu-iluna, wari se.
Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase: Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.74 , abietadienal dehydrogenase (idasobanutse) ) ni enzyme ifite izina ritunganijwe abieta-7,13-dien-18-al: NAD + oxidoreductase . Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H 2 O + NAD + abieta-7,13-dien-18-oate + NADH + H +	Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.74, abietadienal dehydrogenase (ambiguous)) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-al:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O + NAD+
Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase: Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.74 , abietadienal dehydrogenase (idasobanutse) ) ni enzyme ifite izina ritunganijwe abieta-7,13-dien-18-al: NAD + oxidoreductase . Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H 2 O + NAD + abieta-7,13-dien-18-oate + NADH + H +	Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.74, abietadienal dehydrogenase (ambiguous)) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-al:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O + NAD+
Abietadienol hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) ni enzyme izina gahunda abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol, NADPH: ogisijeni oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP + + 2 H 2 O (reaction rusange) (1a) abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP + + H 2 O: \ n (1b) abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H 2 O (bidatinze)	Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietadienol hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) ni enzyme izina gahunda abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol, NADPH: ogisijeni oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP + + 2 H 2 O (reaction rusange) (1a) abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP + + H 2 O: \ n (1b) abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H 2 O (bidatinze)	Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietadiene hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108 ) ni enzyme ifite izina ritunganijwe abieta-7,13-diene, NADPH: okisijene oxydeore (18-hydroxylating) . Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP + + H 2 O.	Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-diene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietadiene hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108 ) ni enzyme ifite izina ritunganijwe abieta-7,13-diene, NADPH: okisijene oxydeore (18-hydroxylating) . Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP + + H 2 O.	Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-diene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietoideae: Abietoideae numuryango wumuryango wa conina Pinaceae. Izina rikomoka mu bwoko bwa Abies (firs), burimo amoko menshi yo mu bwoko. Kugeza ubu genera esheshatu zahawe iyi subfamily: Abies , Cedrus , Keteleeria , Nothotsuga , Pseudolarix , na Tsuga .
Abietadiene hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108 ) ni enzyme ifite izina ritunganijwe abieta-7,13-diene, NADPH: okisijene oxydeore (18-hydroxylating) . Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP + + H 2 O.	Abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.108) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-diene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietadiene synthase: Muri enzymologiya, synthase ya abietadiene ni enzyme itera reaction yimiti (+) - diphosphate ya kopalyl (-) - abietadiene + diphosphate	In enzymology, an abietadiene synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (+)-copalyl diphosphate
Abietadienol hydroxylase: Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) ni enzyme izina gahunda abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol, NADPH: ogisijeni oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). Iyi misemburo itera imiti ikurikira abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP + + 2 H 2 O (reaction rusange) (1a) abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H + + O 2 abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP + + H 2 O: \ n (1b) abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H 2 O (bidatinze)	Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2
Abietane: Abietane ni diterpene igize ishingiro ryimiterere yibintu bitandukanye byimiti ya chimique nka acide abietic, acide karnosike, na ferruginol izwi hamwe nka abietanes cyangwa abietane diterpène.
Abietane: Abietane ni diterpene igize ishingiro ryimiterere yibintu bitandukanye byimiti ya chimique nka acide abietic, acide karnosike, na ferruginol izwi hamwe nka abietanes cyangwa abietane diterpène.
Abietic acid: Acide Abietic ni organic organic iboneka cyane mubiti. Nibintu byibanze bigize acide ya resin, nicyo kintu cyambere kibabaza ibiti bya pinusi na resin, bitandukanijwe na rosine kandi ni byinshi cyane muri acide organic organique ifitanye isano ya hafi igizwe na rosine nyinshi, igice gikomeye cya oleoresine yibiti byimeza. Ester cyangwa umunyu byitwa abietate .